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Kuseyinsindabadala nanamuhla entsheni
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Kuseyinsindabadala nanamuhla entsheni

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sentuthuko yentsha kuleli kukhomba ukuthi kusekude phambili

 

NJENGENINGI lamazwe okuthiwa ngasathuthukayo iNingizimu Afrika inesibalo esikhulu sabantu abasha.  Laba ngabantu abasuka eminyakeni eyi-14 kuya kwengama-35 nabenza amaphesenti angama-42. Zonke izibalo kanjalo nocwaningo olukhona lukhomba ukuthi abantu abasha, ikakhulukazi aboHlanga basesimweni esingesihle cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo okubalwa ezemfundo, ezomnotho kanye nezempilo phakathi kokunye.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sokuthuthuka kwezemfundo kuleli kukhomba ukuthi kusekude phambili. Minyaka yonke babalelwa ngaphezulu kwezi-500 000 abafundi ababhala izivivinyo zikaGrade-12. Nyakenye, izinga lokuphumelela uGrade-12 lehlele ku-75.8% lisuka ku-78.2% ka-2013. Abafundi ababhala uGrade-12 eNingizimu Afrika nyakenye babalelwa ngaphezulu kuka-510 000. Kulaba bafundi, ngu-28.3% kuphela owaphumelela ngokwanele ukungena emaNyuvesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho abafundi bakhungathwe nayinkinga yokukhulelwa ezikoleni kusukela emazingeni aphansi emaPrimary School, kuya emaHigh School. Ulwazi ngesibalo sabafundi sabakhulelwayo minyaka yonke ezikoleni siyahluka ngokwenhlangano noma ngokomnyango owenze ucwaningo, kodwa ekubukeni zonke ezikhona isibalo okuvunyelwana ngaso ngesiqala ku-35 000 kuya ngaphansi kuka-100 000 minyaka yonke. UMnyango WezeMfundo KwaZulu-Natal wabika ukukhulelwa kwabafundi abayizi-12 971 kulesi sifundazwe ngowezi-2012. Ukushuba kwesimo kwezemfundo kukapakela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme.

Njalo ngonyaka intsha yaboHlanga izithola isenkingeni yokuncika oxhasweni lukahulumeni ukuze iqhube izifundo zayo. Lokhu kwenzeka emaNyuvesi nakuma Technical Vocational Education and Training

Nonyaka kumenyezelwa ukuthi isabelomali seNational Student Financial Aid Scheme (iNSFAS) sizokhushulwa sibe ku-R11.9 billion ngowezi-2017 sisuka ku-R9.2 billion. I-NSFAS isetshenziswa abafundi abangakwazi ukukhokha imali yemfundo ephakeme kanti imibhikisho eminingi emaNyuvesi eNingizimu Afrika isuswa ukuncishwa kwabafundi lolu xhaso. Lokhu sekudale ukuthi kufufuse nemibhikisho ekhala ngemfundo yamahhala eNingizimu Afrika.

NgoLwezi-2014 ezikoleni zamazinga aphansi babalelwa ezigidini ezimbili abafundi baKwaZulu-Natal abangayikhokhi imali yesikole. Ngokombiko woMphathiswa wezeMfundo KwaZulu-Natal, uMhlonishwa uPeggy Nkonyeni, laba ngabafundi abasezikoleni okungakhokhwa kuzo uQuintile 1 kuya kuQuintile 3.  Izibalo ezifana nalezi ziletha imibuzo ngokuthi bangaki abafundi abangakwazi ukukhokha imali yemfundo ephakeme uma sebephumelele.

Olunye udaba oludida ikhanda nxa kubukwa ezemfundo kanye naboHlanga wudaba lwempumelelo ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme nokuyinto enomthelela nasemnothweni wezwe.

Ngokombiko we-Africa Institute for Race Relation (SAIRR) ngowezi-2008 izibalo zikhomba ukuthi sinyuka ngesivinini esiphezulu isibalo sabantu abamnyama ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sangaphambili. Abafundi abamnyama abayizi-8 514 bathola iziqu zemfundo ephakeme ngowe-1991, lesi sibalo sinyukele ku-36 970 ngowezi-2008. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabamhlophe, ngowe-1991 kwaphasa abangu-27 619, ngowezi-2008 lesi sibalo sinyuke kancane saya ku-31 527. Nakuba zibukeka zizinhle lezi zibalo kwaboHlanga, kusenenqwaba efeyilayo neshiya phakathi ingaqedanga ukufunda.

Ngokombiko weSAIRR ngo-2013, kubafundi abangu-938 201 abangena ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika, u-15% kuphela ophothula iziqu.  Okushaqisayo ngalezi zibalo ukuthi isibalo sabafundi abangena ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme senyukile uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi sangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi kwaboHlanga, kodwa isibalo sabazuza iziqu siyagqoza.

Ezomnotho nezempilo   

Akukho ukungabaza ukuthi umnotho weseNgizimu Afrika ungazuza lukhulu entsheni yaleli lizwe, ngenxa yesibalo sayo esikhulu. Nokho izinkomba ezikhona ngezinga lempilo zakha isithombe esingesihle. Ukungabibikho kwamathuba emisebenzi kuhlaba kuzwele kakhulu entsheni yakuleli, ikakhulukazi yaboHlanga.

Ezweni lonke intsha ibalelwa ngaphezudlwana kwezigidi ezingama-21 kanti ibalelwa kumaphesenti angama-70 ineminyaka ephakathi kweyi-15 kuya kwengama-35 engasebenzi. Kulena, ilinganiselwa ngaphezulu kuka-600 000 ehlezi emakhaya neziqu zemfundo ephakeme engayitholi imisebenzi.

Okunye okuvelayo yichilo lapho abantu abasha sebephenduke oginqwayo ngenxa yezimo zomnotho. Ngaphandle kwamahloni kukhona abavumayo ukuthi enye yezinto eyenza babe nabesilisa abahlekisana nabalalana nabo yingenxa yokuthi isimo sezomnotho sinzima.

Lesi simo senza kube nokwesabela ukuthi intsha yabesifazane izohlale iyizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa. Kanti ukwesaba okukhulu kungasohlangothini lwezempilo ngoba izinkomba zithi abantu abasha basengcupheni enkulu yokuthola isifo sengculazi .

Ucwaningo labakwa Medical Research Council South Africa, olwaziwa ngeThe 2nd South African National Youth Behavior  lukhomba ukuthi sincane isibalo sentsha yaboHlanga esebenzisa ijazi lomkhwenyana nokwenza ibe sengcupheni yokudliwa yingculazi.

Ngokwalolu cwaningo ezweni lonke, abafundi abangamaNdiya ababika ukuthi basebenzisa ijazi lomkhwenyana  bangamaphesinti angama-50.5, abomhlophe bangamaphesenti angama-49.3, bese kuthi aboHlanga bangamaphesenti angama-30 kuphela.

Okwavela futhi kulolu cwaningo yizinga eliphezulu lokuphuza untshwala kanye nokudla izidakamizwa nokuyinto abathi iqala intsha isencane kakhulu.

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UMLANDO wokungenelela kukahulumeni odabeni oluthinta intuthuko yentsha uhunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kukhona abathi ukhona umehluko kanti abanye bathi kusefana.

Ukungena kukahulumeni wentando yabantu ngonyaka we-1994 kwaletha ithemba lokuthi kukhona okuzoguquka.  Phakathi kwezinto owazenza uhulumeni kaMandela kwaba wukwethula uhlaka lwentsha olwaziwa ngokuthi yiNational Youth Commission ngaphansi komthetho iNational Youth Commission Act we-1996. Lolu hlaka phakathi kokunye lwalujutshwe ukuba luqhamuke nomqulu owaziwa ngokuthi yiNational Youth Policy 2000. Lo mqulu wawakhelwa ukuba ulekele ukulumbanisa izinhlelo zeminyango eyahlukene kanye nalezo zokuthuthukisa intsha. Okwagqama lapha wukuthi abahlanganisi balo mqulu bahlangabezana nenkinga yokuthi abantu ababebizwa ngentsha  ngaleso sikhathi bebenomlandu owahlukene ngalokho okuyizingqinamba ezikhungethe intsha. Kwakukhona abazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970, yo-1985 kanye neyo-1990. Lokhu nje kukodwa kwenza kwaba lukhuni satshe ukuqhamuka nento okungathiwa yiyo engabizwa ngokuthi yintuthuko yentsha engu ngqo.  Ngonyaka wezi-2001 ngaphansi kukaMengameli uThabo Mbeki kwasungulwa isikhwama uMsobomvu Youth Fund. Lesi sikhwama sasibheke kakhulu ekulekeleleni intsha ngasemkhakheni wamabhizinisi.   Mhla zi-5 kuMandulo 2003 loyo owayengamele lesi sikhwama uMnu uMalusi Kekana wabika ukuthi kusuka sasungulwa isikhwama sabe sisebenzise imali elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-R470 ezinhlelweni ezingama-61 zentsha.  Le mali yayabiwe kanje: iContact, Information and Counselling yathola izigidi ezingama-R200, iSkills Development and Transfer yathola izigidi ezingama-R300 kanye neYouth Entrepreneurship Programme eyathola izigidi ezingama-R500.

Nokho phezu kwalokhu kwabakhona izinkinga ngoba intsha eningi ezindaweni zasemakhaya yakhala ngokuthi konke lokhu okwenziwa yiYouth Commission kanye noMsombomvu yizinto abazizwa emsakazweni nabazifunda emaphepheni kazifiki ngalapho behlala ngakhona. Kanti futhi ipolitiki yeYouth Commission kanye noMsobomvu yenza kwangasebenzeka ngoba zombili zazinyundelana.  Olunye uhlaka olwakhiwa nguhulumeni yiNational Development Agency yona eyajutshwa ukuba yenze lokhu okwakwenziwa yiYouth Comission kanye noMsobomvu ohlakeni olulodwa.

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Imibono yentsha ngokuthi lezi zinhlangano zikwenzile yini ezazikubekelwe iyahluka. Kule ntsha kukhona abathi akwenzanga mehluko kanti abanye bathi lezi zinhlaka kanye nohulumeni jikelele bazama ukulungisa isimo. Loyo ongusihlalo wentsha ye-Inkatha Freedom Party Youth Brigade (IFPYB) fuhi oyilungu lePhalamende, uMhlonishwa uMkhuleko Hlengwa uthi ngokwakhe akawuboni umehluko olethwe yinkululeko ekuthuthukiseni intsha yakuleli uma eqhathanisa nesimo sakudala somzabalazo wenkululeko: “Umahluko okhona njengamanje ukuthi intsha yanamhlanje inenkululeko yokusho noma yini eyithandayo ngaphandle kokwesaba okuyinto eyayingenzeki ngezikhathi zobandlululo.’’

UMhlonishwa uHlengwa uphinde wakhala ngokwehluleka kukahulumeni ukudala amathuba emisebenzi entsheni yakuleli wathi ukwenyuka kwesibalo sentsha engasebenzi kungase kudale umbhedukazwe.

“Ngibona leli lizwe libhekene nenhlekelele yombhedukazwe uma kungukuthi uhulumeni akasilungisi ngokushesha isimo sokwenyuka kwesibalo sentsha engasebenzi. Kuzomele sikhumbule ukuthi intsha yowe-1976 yalwa ngempumelelo ukulwisana nokuphoqelelwa ukuba zonke izifundo zethulwe ngolimi lwesiBhunu.’’

Uphethe ngokuphonsela uhulumeni inselelo ukuba alungise isimo sezemfundo yakuleli ngoba ethi izinga lemfundo yakuleli liphansi kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa neyakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi angomakhelwane.

“Zimbili izinselelo ezibhekene nalo hulumeni wethu isimo sezemfundo nesimo sezomsebenzi. Ucwaningo luthi siyizigidi eziyisi-8 isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi kuleli lizwe nosekutholakele ukuthi iningi laso ngabantu abasebasha. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi thina lapha sathola inkululeko yezepolitiki esikhundleni senkululeko ebalulekile yezomnotho. Abantu abadli ipolitiki. Okwenzakalayo kule nkululeko esinayo ukuthi umphakathi owawucindezelwe namanje usahlupheka, kuthi owawukhululekile ucebile.’’

Loyo owake waba ngumholi wentsha ye-African National Congress KwaZulu-Natal  noseyilungu leSishayamthetho saKwaZulu-Natal, uMhlonishwa uNhlakanipho Ntombela uthi  izinselelo ezibhekene nentsha yanamhlanje azifani nezentsha yangowe-1976:  “Intsha yowe-1976 yayilwela inkululeko kodwa eyanamhlanje yona ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi okubalwa kuzo ukubhebhetheka kwesifo sengculaza, ukunyuka kwesibalo sabangasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nesimo sezemfundo.’’

UNtombela uphinde wakuvuma ukuthi isimo sabantu abangasebenzi kuleli lizwe senyuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa  nesikhathi kusaphethe uhulumeni wobandlululo: “Singuhulumeni sinenselelo yokufundisa nokukhumbuza intsha yanamhlanje ukuthi le nkululeko abayibonayo ayehlanga njengeMana ezulwini, kodwa ilwelwe yafelwa,’’ kuphetha uMhlonishwa uNtombela.

  Abantu abasha nabo bayivezile eyabo imibono ngalolu daba. UNksz Mpilenhle Ngcobo waseMayville uthe, “inkinga intsha ebhekene nayo namhlanje ukuncishwa ithuba lemfundo esezingeni eliphezulu. Umzabalazo we-1976 uphelela emoyeni uma imfundo etholwa iningi labantu, ikakhuluzi abamnyama, isezingeni eliphansi. Akumele umfundi akufukuzele, alwe, ukuthi athole imfundo ephakeme. Uhulumeni kumele akulungise ngokuphuthuma lokhu ngoba ukungabibikho kwamathuba okufunda kunyusa udlame nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa emphakathini.”  UNksz uZama Mbhele waseGamalakhe uthe, “Sinenkinga yokuholwa uhulumeni ongenamgogodla wokuzimela. Njalo uhlale ukhangeze izandla ulindele ukulekelelwa ngamanye amazwe kunokuthi uphume imikhankaso wenze imisebenzi efanele emphakathini. Ngifuna ukuphinde ngithumele nomyalezo kubantu abasha ukuthi bangakukhohlwa okwenziwa yintsha yowe-1976. Inkululeko ayichazi ukuthi uzothola yonke into mahhala, kumele sisebenzele ikusasa lethu sonke.”

UNksz uNdoni Mkhize uthe, “Sizabalazela imfundo yamahhala ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. Sikhathele ukuhlala emakhaya ngoba nakhu singenayo imali yokuqhubeka nezifundo zethu ekubeni kuyilungelo lawo wonke umuntu ukufunda, akumele silincishwe lelo lungelo ngenxa yemali. Ngaphezu kwalokho kumele kwakhiwe amathuba omsebenzi ngoba akusizi ukuthi kube nenqwaba yabantu abaphothula iziqu zemfundo ephakeme bese bengayitholi imisebenzi, lokho akuwenzi umqondo.”

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