Makuhlonyiswane ngesimo sezulu
UKUGUQUKA kwesimo sezulu akuseyona insumansumane izifundiswa ezisheba ngayo izibiliboco, kodwa isihleli obala ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Inhloso yami enkulu ngokuphawula ngalesi sihloko wukuthi imizamo kahulumeni nathi sonke yokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya iyoba yize leze uma singaloli imicibisholo yokulwa nempi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Okuvelayo wukuthi izinhlelo esinazo okwamanje zokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya aziyishayi mkhuba ingozi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanti empeleni isemongweni womnotho ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
I-Afrika inenselelo enqala mayelana nentuthuko yabantu, okumanje engekho ezingeni elifanele. Kuwo wonke amazwe e-Afrika abantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya bakhungethwe ububha nokusilela emuva kwezengqalasizinda. Ziningi izinto eziletha lesi simo, kodwa okwamanje ngifuna ukuphawula ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Isizathu sami sokugxila kule ngqikithi ukuthi iningi labantu eNingizimu Afrika, nakwamanye amazwe kuleli zwekazi, liphila ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho umnotho uncike kwezolimo nazo ezeyame ekutholeni imvula eyanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi manje kubonakele ukuthi izinga lezolimo ezindaweni zasemakhaya selehle kakhulu. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi isimo sezulu sesiguqukile – into eyenze ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukutshala ngesikhathi esejwayelekile, kuthi noma sebetshalile ingafiki imvula eyanele ukuthi kukhule okutshaliwe. Okulandela lapha yindlala nokwehla kwezinga lentuthuko. Lokhu kwenza impilo yomuntu wasemakhaya ibe ngengajabulisi, aphile ngokudonsa kanzima. Esikhathini esiningi abantu bazithola bephoqelekile ukushiya izindawo zasemakhaya baye emadolobheni ngenhloso yokuthola impilo engcono. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi kwakhona emadolobheni impilo ayibi mnandi njengoba abantu besuke belindele. Okuningi okwenzeka emadolobheni, ikakhulu uma ungasebenzi, kwehlisa isithunzi kumuntu.
Amazwe omhlaba asebonile ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinselelo enkulu kuyo yonke imizamo yokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya. Izinhlangano ezinkulu zomhlaba zisungule izinhlelo eziningi ezicwaninga ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyikhubaza kanjani inqubekela phambili emakhaya.
Olunye uhlelo olusungiliwe olwe-COP lapho kudibana khona amazwe omhlaba abonisane ngezinkinga ezidalwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Imihlangano ye-COP ibanjwa yonke iminyaka emazweni ehlukene. I-Afrika nayo iyahlanganyela namanye amazwe omhlaba ekwenzeni imizamo yokubhekana nengqinamba yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kuningi ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokuthi yini okumele yenziwe ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Okusobala wukuthi izimboni kumele zishintshe izindlela zokukhiqiza, ikakhulu lezo ezisebenzisa amalahle anentuthu enomthelela esimweni sezulu. Okujabulisayo wukuthi cishe wonke amazwe omhlaba ayavumelana nokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyazihlukumeza izimpilo zabantu, futhi kwenza ukuthi intuthuko yemiphakathi ingaqhubekeli phambili. Amazwe omhlaba aphinde avumelane ukuthi kube khona okwenziwayo ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwalesi simo.
Okusobala wukuthi le mpi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu iyonqobeka uma izwe nezwe lingaba nezinhlelo ezikhaliphile zokusiza abantu. Okubalulekile ukuthi izwe ngalinye kube khona elikwenzayo kuze abantu basizakale. Kungaba yiphutha elikhulu uma singacabanga ukuthi abantu basemakhaya e-Afrika bayosizwa yizinhlangano zomhlaba ngokwanele. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi ohulumeni bamazwe e-Afrika babenezindlela zokusiza abantu kuzo zonke izindawo zasemakhaya ukuthi baphephe ekuhlukumezweni wukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kungaba yinto enhle ukwazi ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yenzeni ukuvikela abantu basemakhaya ekuguqukeni kwwsimo sezulu? Zikhona yini izindawo zasemakhaya lapho uhulumeni elethe khona izinhlelo zokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu? Lokhu kubalulekile emizamweni yokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya. Ukwahluleka ukuletha lezi zinhlelo zokusiza abantu kungasho ukwehluleka ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu.
Masiqaphele ukuthi ziningi izindlela esingabuka ngazo imizamo yokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ekwenzeni ngcono izimpilo zabantu basemakhaya. Njengamanje kunezinhlelo zokulima ngokuqaphela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu (Climate Smart Agriculture). Kodwa Akukabonakali ukuthi abantu abasezindaweni zasemakhaya bafundiseke kangakanani ngalolu hlelo.
Ngibona ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi isifundazwe iKwaZulu-Natal siqale lolu hlelo ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngish ngoba izinhlangano eziphambili emhlabeni zizimisele ukutshala izimali kulolu hlelo. Asikho isidingo sokuthi lesi sifundazwe sisale ngemuva ngoba ucwaningo luyakhombisa ukuthi ziningi kakhulu izindawo ezihlukunyezwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu KwaZulu-Natal. Nathi kumele sihambe kanyekanye nomhlaba wonke ukuze sibe nesandla esibonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni izimpilo zabantu abahlala emakhaya.
Okubalulekile akukhona ukubhala nje ngale nselelo yesimo sezulu, kodwa ukucabanga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa iminotho yezindawo zasemakhaya. Kuphinde kubaluleke ukuthi kwakhiwe izinhlelo zokunika abantu amandla nolwazi lokulwa nengcindezi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Singakukholwa ukuthi kunolwazi olunzulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya olungasetshenziswa ukwenza izimpilo zabantu ziqhubekeke phambili. Sonke asizinike ithuba lokucabanga ngokujulile ukuthi yimiphi imicibisholo esingayibeka ezandleni zabantu bakithi ukuze bakwazi ukunqoba impi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
- USolwazi uSimelane nguSihlalo we-United Nations African Committee on Gender and Climate Change
