UMama Afrika ulwele amalungelo aboHlanga ngephimbo
Endleleni yokulwela inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika akubanga ngosopolitiki kuphela ababesekhaleni lempi, abezenkolo, izinhlangano zabahlali, abafundi nomphakathi ngokubanzi babeyingxenye yomzabalazo ngandlelathize. Omunye umnikelo omkhulu emzabalazweni waqhamuka namaciko emikhakheni ehlukene kusuka kubaculi, izimbongi, osonkondlo nabadwebi.
Elinye iciko eladela konke ukuze kukhululeke aboHlanga nezwekazi ngumculi uZenzile Miriam Makeba owazalwa zizi-4 kuNdasa we-1932 eGoli. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho izwe ligubha iminyaka engama-64 kwabulawa abantu abangama-61 eSharpeville nakwaLanga ababeyingxenye yombhikisho wokuphikisana nomthetho wokuphathwa kwamapasi, iqhaza likaMakeba lisatuswa ngokulwa nengcindezelo esebenzisa iphimbo lakhe.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwekhono lakhe lokucula waqala ngokuba umdlali weshashalazi. Ukuzibandakanya nomzabalazo kwavela ekukhuleni kwakhe lapho wayekhombisa ukumelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwaboHlanga emalokishini nokususwa ezindaweni zabo.
Endimeni yomculo uMakeba wayecula ngezinto ezabe zenzeka emphakathini kusuka ekucindezelweni kwamalungelo, ukubukelana phansi kaboHlanga bebodwa nokugqugquzela ubunye bama-Afrika ezwenikazi okwagcina esethiwe igama lika ‘Mama Afrika’. Umculo wakhe wawudle ngesigqi se-Afropop, ijazz, isigqi se-Afrika wamukelwa nasemazweni aphesheya kwezilwandle. Ingoma yakhe ethi, ‘Khawuleza’ yayikhuluma ngesihluku samaphoyisa ehlukumeza abesifazane. Izolo imisakazo eminingi ibidlala le ngoma njengengxenye yokukhumbula lesi sihlabani nosuku lwesigameko saseSharpeville.
Eneminyaka eli-18 wayeseshiyelana isteji nabaculi bomhlaba kusuka ekuculeni neqembu iCuban Brothers, iManhattan Brothers neqembu elalihlanganiswe ngabesifazane kuphela iSkylarks. Akubanga isikhathi eside abaqondisi bengqayi iCome Back, Afrika bamcela ukuba azolingisa kuyo. Le ngqayi yayisabalalisa umyalezo ngezenzo ezingalungile zokucwasa zabacindezeli. Lokho kwavula amehlo umhlaba ngekhono lakhe lokulingisa nokucula nalapho waqala ukumenywa kweleNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth ongasekho ecula eLondon, eBurmingham naseYorkshire. Esephesheya wasebenzisa lonke ithuba ayelithola ukugxeka ubandlululo noHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Lokho akwehlanga kahle kuHulumeni okwaholela ekutheni avinjwe ukubuyela ezweni ezofihla unina owadlula emhlabeni ephesheya.
Izibhelu zaseSoweto ngowe-1976 zaholela ekuqanjweni kwengoma iSoweto Blues ayibhala ngokuhlanganyela noHugh Masekela lapho ayetusa khona igalelo labafundi emzabalazweni. Isimo sezepolitiki kuleli samphoqa ukuba ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ayichithe eLondon nase-United States of America. Umnikelo wakhe ekulweni noHulumeni wobandlululo wabonakala ngowe-1989 ngesikhathi owayenguMengameli uMnu uFW de Klerk ememezela ukukhulula kukaMnu uMandela nokuvulwa umlomo kwazo zonke izinhlangano zezepolitiki. ubuyele kuleli waqhubeka nokucula yize ayesekhandlekile.
Abaculi ababesakhula ngesikhathi sikaMakeba uBrenda Fassie, uYvonne Chaka Chaka, uJudith Sephuma, uPJ Powers, uChicco Twala balandela babequqhuba umzabalazo besebenzisa umculo ngaphakathi ezweni. UMama Afrika uhlonishwe ngemiklomelo eminingi kusuka ezinkampanini zomculo kuya esigababeni sikahulumeni kwaze kwaba uyalandulela leli ziyisi-9 kuLwezi wezi-2008 ehlatshwa ukugula esesteji.