Ujulile umlando welakuleli neMozambique kwezepolitiki
UMengameli uFelipe Nyusi sekuyihlandla lakhe lokugcina leli ngaphambi kokhetho lukaMengameli oluzobanjwa ngowezi-2024, kodwa kubukeka iqembu elibusayo selokhu leli lizwe lathola inkukuleko iFrente de Libertacao de Mocambique (Frelimo) libhekene nezinselelo eziningi.
IFrelimo ibalwa namaqembu anomlando wokulwa nengcindezelo yamazwe amaningi ayeqonele i-Afrika eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Enye yezinselelo ezibhekene noHulumeni kaNyusi isimo esishubile esifundazweni iCabo Delgado, umonakalo odalwe umsindo oqutshulwe imali eyabolekwa ye-Opaque eyizigidigidi ezi-$2, kanye nezinkinga ezikhungethe umnotho waleli lizwe.
Ukuze iFrelimo ibuyise ukwethenjwa ngabantu, lowo ozongena endaweni kaNyusi kuzomele azibambe ziqinine, athembise nabavoti ukuthi uzokwazi ukulungisa zonke lezi zinkinga. Kusuka ngonyaka odlule amasosha aseRwanda nalawo athunyelwe iSouthern African Development Community (SADC) okukhona nawaseNingizimu Afrika asebenzisana nawaseMozambique ukuqapha isimo njengoba amavukelambuso e-Islamist esehlasele izindawo eziningi.
Ngenyanga edlule isosha laseNingizimu Afrika lasala enkundleni ngesikhathi abe-Islamic State bevulela ngenhlamvu. Naphezu kwalokho iSADC ithi angeke iwahoxise amasosha ayo kuze kube isimo sibuyela kwesejwayelekile. Lesi simo esingesihle siseqhulwini lwezinto uHulumeni kaNyusi azimisele ngokuzilungisa ngoba sinomthelela omkhulu kubatshalizimali.
Izinkampani zamazwe omhlaba zifuna ukwakha izigcino zegesi kulesi sifunda, ngakho ukuqhubeka kwempi kuyawathunaza amathuba alokho. Noma amasosha athunyelwe kuleli lizwe ezama ukwenza umehluko, kepha abahlaziyi babona ingozi. Bathi isivumelwano esithinta ezempi angeke sibe yimpendulo esimweni esikhona njengamanje okukhona nokushiywa ngaphandle kwabathile nokungabikhona kwentuthuko.
Ngonyaka odlule iBhange Lomhlaba lanikela ngezigidi ezingama-$200 ukuze kwakhiwe isizinda sohlelo olusha lwegesi eCabo Delgado.
Amacala ezasolwandle
Noma sekuphele iminyaka eyisithupha, kodwa umonakalo owadalwa yimali eyizigidigidi ezi-$2 eyatshelekwa isinyenyela ukuthenga umkhumbi wokudoba uhlobo lukafishi olwaziwa ngetuna luseyinkinga enkulu. Leli cala laqala ngoNcwaba wezi-2016 lihlanganisa abantu abali-19 okuthiwa bayathinteka kulo.
Izinhlangano zomphakathi zishaya amakhala ngokuthi iziphathimandla ezazingobhongoza kutshelekwa le mali zona zikho ecaleni. Omunye wabo ngowayenguNgqongqoshe Wezimali uManuel Chang.
Ngasekupheleni konyaka wezi-2021 inkantolo yaseNingizimu Afrika yanquma ukuthi uChang kumele athunyelwe e-United States of America, kunokuba abuyiselwe eMozambique ayobhekana khona necala.
UChang ubecashe kuleli. Kwakunokukhuluma okwakuthi kwelakubo eMozambique kungaba khona ukwenzelela agcine ephunyukile.
Namanje akucaci ukuthi le ngadlangadla yomkhumbi wokudoba yayizothengwa kanjani njengoba kwagcina kucwebe iziziba.
Imizamo yokuthula.
Sekuphele iminyaka iqembu elibusayo iFrelimo lizama ukudala ukuthula neqembu lamavukelambuso iResistencia Nacional Mocambicana (Renamo).
Leli qembu lidume kakhulu ngesikhathi liholwa u-Alfonso Dhlakama futhi lesekwa nawumbutho wezempi waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sobadlululo iSouth African Defence Force.
Sekukaningi lezi zinhlangano ezingabhekani zizama ukwenza isivumelwano sokuthula kwale khona. Kwala noma uDhlakama esethenjiswa yiFrelimo isikhundla sikaSekela Mengameli, kodwa wanquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka nokubanga lesi sikhundla waze waficwa ukufa.
Imizamo yokugcina kube ngeyokusebenzisa isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa ngowezi-2019 nalapho iRenamo yayivuma khona ukubeka phansi izikhali. Leli qembu ligcine selihlukana phakathi, nalapho kugcine sekubulawa uMariano Nhongo umholi weJunta Militar da Renamo okuyiqembu elahlubuka kuRenamo.
UNhongo wazidonsela amanzi ngomsele ngokuthi athi yena uhlangothi aluholayo lusafuna ukuqhubeka nempi.
Umholi weRenamo u-Ossufo Momade emizamweni yakhe yokubuyisana usenxuse amasosha eJunta Militar ukuba abeke phansi izikhali, wadonsa ngendlebe neFrelimo ukuba ihloniphe isivumelwano esasayinwa ngowezi-2019, kuphinde kube nenkululeko kwezepolitiki nokuzikhethela iqembu olithandayo.
Intuthuko yaleli lizwe incike ekutheni luyanqandwa yini uthuthuva eCabo Delgado okungathi uma kuba njalo kubonakale intuthuko enkulu kubuye nabatshalizimali. Ezinye izinkampani kuthiwa sezimanqika nokuqhubeka nokulondoloza eMozambique.
NgoZibandlela wangonyaka odlule kwaputshuka imibiko eyayithi isikhondlakhondla senkampani yase-USA i-ExxonMobil isicabanga kabili ngokwakha inkampani yegesi eRovuma ezodla izigidigidi ezingama-$30.
UHulumeni weFrelimo kuthiwa usutsheleke kakhulu imali, manje sekudingeka ukuba kubhekwe ukuthi kungenziwa kanjani. Ngokwe-International Monetary Fund (IMF) isikweletu saseMozambique singaze sifinyelele kuma-133.6% eGDP ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Elakuleli neMozambique
Umlando phakathi kwala mazwe ujulile. UMengameli wakhona wokuqala emuva kwenkululeko uSamora Machel wayengakufihli ukuthi uHulumeni wakhe neqembu ayelihola iFrelimo lidla ngankezonye noKhongolose.
Lokho kwakungehli kahle kuHulumeni wamaBhunu okwabe kungowobandlululo. KoMengameli bonke bakuleli emuva kowe-1994 akekho ongakaze ahambele eMozambique. Emasontweni amathathu edlule, uMengameli uCyril Ramaphosa uhambele kuleliya lizwe nalapho efike waqinisa idolo uNyusi ngokuthi bazomeseka ekulweni namavukelambuso e-Islamist.
Ngaphandle kobuhlobo bezepolitiki lamazwe aphinde asondelane kakhulu kwezohwebo. Inkampani yakuleli kawoyela namakhemikhali iSasol ingenisile kwezezimbiwa ePande. Izimayini yizona ezibonakala zidoba kakhulu abatshalizimali bangaphandle eMozambique, kanti leli lizwe lithumela amalahle kwawangaphandle.
Abatshalizimali bathi mhla kwadlula ifu lobhubhane ukhuvethe ezokuvakasha zizoqala phansi kuleli lizwe, kanti kunamahlebezi okuthi kunendawo yezilwane iKaringa Game Reserve ezokwakhiwa eningizimu yezwe okuhloswe ngayo ukubamba abadla izambane likapondo abazohambela leli lizwe.
- UMengameli: UFelipe Nyusi
- Inhlokodolobha: iMaputo
- Imali yakhona: iMetical
- Ukukhula kwabantu: 60.9
- Imfundo yabadala: 61%
- I-Inflation: 2.8%
- IHuman Development Index: 181 kwangu-189
- Ukugcina ukushintsha umholi: 2015