Umalaleveva yisifo esiyingozi enkulu esibhebhethekiswa umiyane
Mhla zingama-25 kuMbasa usuku olubizwa ngeWorld Malaria Day. Lolu suku luveza impumelelo ekulweni nomalaleveva nokubungaza osekuzuziwe kule mpi kuze kube yimanje.
Kusukela ngowezi-2000, inkulu inqubekela phambili esiyenziwe ekulweni nomalaleveva, nokusindisa izigidi zabantu.
Nakuba kunale nzuzo, njalo emizuzwini emibili kuba nengane efayo ibulawa umalaleveva kanti kusenezigidi zabantu abasengcupheni yokuthola lesi sifo esigwemekayo futhi eselaphekayo.
Indikimba yanonyaka ithi “Zero Malaria – Draw the Line Against Malaria” okuwukuthi ‘Umalaleveva Cha – Ungalokothi Uvumele Umalaleveva’.
Yini umalaleveva?
Lesi yisifo esiyingozi empilweni esidalwa yizimbungulu ezisatshalaliswa kubantu ngokulunywa umiyane onomalaleveva.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zalezi zimbungulu ezidala umalaleveva kubantu, ezimbili zazo okuyiPlasmodium Falciparum nePlasmodium Vivax, eziyingozi enkulu. Ukutheleleka nokufa okuningi kutholakala eSub Saharan Africa. Ngonyaka wezi-2019 uwodwa, babelinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-229 abantu ababetheleleke ngomalaleveva, kwafa abayizi-409 000. Isifunda i-Afrika sasinamaphesenti angama-94 abantu abanomalaleveva nabafa.
Ngubani osengcupheni?
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izingane ezineminyaka yobudala engaphansi kwemihlanu, abesifazane abakhulelwe, iziguli ezinengculaza nesandulela sayo, ababaleki abasuka kwamanye amazwe nabahambela amazwe basengcupheni enkulu yokuthola umalaleveva.
Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala engaphansi kwemihlanu ziseqoqweni labantu abasengcupheni enkulu: ngowezi-2019 zazilinganiselwa okungenani kokubili kokuthathu kubantu ababulawa yilesi sifo emhlabeni jikelele.
Babonakala kanjani abanomalaleveva? Izimpawu zikamalaleveva zibonakala ezinsukwini ezili-10 kuya kwezili-15 emveni kokuba umuntu elunywe umiyane. Izimpawu zokuqala kujwayele ukuthi kube umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokugodola. Lezi zimpawu zingaba sivivi okungenza ukuthi kube nzima ukuba zibonakale. Uma zingelashwa esikhathini esingamahora angama-24, umalaleveva odalwa iPlasmodium Falciparum ungaqonga ube ukugula okunamandla okungaholela ekufeni.
Izingane ezinomalaleveva onamandla zingaba nalezi zimpawu: ukushodelwa igazi kakhulu nenkinga yokuphefumula. Kwabadala, kujwayele ukuthi kube nokwehluleka kokusebenza kwamalunga omzimba amaningi.
Welashwa kanjani umalaleveva?
Umalaleveva uyagwemeka futhi uyelapheka. Ukusheshe ubanjwe futhi kwelashwe abantu asebethelekile kunciphisa ubungozi bukamalaleveva nokugwema ukufa kwabantu. Kunama-Antimicrobials afana ne-Artemether + Lumefantrine okusebenzayo ekwelashweni umalaleveva.
Kwabahambela amazwe, umalaleveva ungagwemeka ngeChemoprophylaxis. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambele emazweni noma izifunda ezinomalaleveva, umuntu kufanela axhumane nesikhungo esibhekene nokulawulwa kwalesi sifo noma ezinye izikhungo ezihlinzeka ngezeluleko kwabahambela amazwe ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokugwema ukungenwa yilesi sifo angazithatha.
Yini okufanele yenziwe umuntu ngamunye?
Ukugwema kuhlale kungcono kunokwelapha. Uma wazi ukuthi uzohambela endaweni enomalaleveva, thatha iProphylaxis ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo. Hlonipha ezinye izincomo ngesikhathi ukulezi zindawo ezifana nokusebenzisa izinto zokubulala omiyane noma amatende. Yenza isiqiniseko ukuthi uyakuqeda okunikiwe ukuba ukusebenzise.
Uma ubungayithathanga iProphylaxis ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo bese usuqala izimpawu zikamalaleveva uma usubuya, thola usizo lokwelashwa esikhungweni sezempilo.
Yini okumele yenziwe ohulumeni?
IWorld Health Assembly ngoNhlaba wezi-2015 yaqhamuka neqhingasu likamalaleveva lomhlaba wonke langowezi-2016 kuya kowezi-2030.
Leli qhingasu lichaza izinjongo nokuhlosiwe ukuze kube nomhlaba ongenawo umalaleveva. Izinjongo zigxile ekwehliseni ukugula nokufa nokuqedwa kukamalaleveva emazweni ayesenawo ngowezi-2015.
Izinhlelo zokulawula umalaleveva zamazwe kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zinazo izindlela zokuhlangabezana nalezi zinjongo. Amazwe anesibopho sokuvikela abantu abangavikelekile ekutholeni umalaleveva njengokubahlinzeka ngezinto zokuwugwema ezindaweni ezinalesi sifo nakwabesifazane abasesigabeni sokuqala noma sesibili sokukhulelwa.
Amazwe kufanele abe nezinhlelo zokuqapha, njengoba kudingeka, okumele zisetshenziswe ekuhleleni, ekwenzeni nasekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezezempilo ezikhona.
