Usuku olwaguqula ukubukwa kweNingizimu Afrika
Minyaka yonke usuku lo mhla zingama-21 kuNdasa, eNingizimu Afrika, lubungazwa njengelanga Lamalungelo Abantu. Kuqale ngesikhathi sikaHulumeni waboHlanga ukuthi uSuku Lwamalungelo Abantu, lugujwe eNingizimu Afrika. INkosi uMangosuthu Buthelezi, isenguNgqongqoshe Wezasekhaya ngowe-1994, yawufaka emabhukwini omthetho umhla zingama 21 kuNdasa, ukuthi kube yiHolidi Lamalungelo Abantu. ENingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, amalungelo aboHlanga yinto eyayingaziwa futhi nabanye babo bengazihluphi ngokwazi amalungelo abo. Abantu ababelwela amalungelo abacindezelwe ngaleyo nkathi babegqunywa emajele noma babulawe, abanye babelifulathela leli lizwe baye emazweni anamalungelo abantu.
Kuze kukhethwe leli langa lo mhla zingama-21 kuNdasa nje, yingoba umlando walo ubhalwe ngegazi. Ngalo leli langa ngonyaka we-1960, kwaba nesibhicongo esashiya umhlaba wonke ushaqekile futhi uthuthumele, esenzeka eSharpeville, kuNxantathu WeGwa (Vaal Triangle) eningizimu yeGoli. Kwabulawa abantu abangama-69 ngokudutshulwa bengahlomile, bebhikishela amapasi. AboHlanga base bekhathele ukuphathiswa “odompasi”. Inhlangano iPan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) yaba nomkhankaso wokuthi abantu abashiye “odompasi” emakhaya bazilethe bona emaphoyiseni ukuze ababophe. USolwazi uMangaliso Sobukwe, owayenguMengameli wePAC ngaleso sikhathi, wathi amajele azogcwala onke, amaBhunu azibonele ukuthi abantu abaningi kangakaya ayezobagcina kuphi ngoba “basebephule umthetho”. Ubuholi bePAC eTransvaal, baziletha ekamu lamaphoyisa e-Orlando, konke kwahamba ngohlelo lwabo ngoba bazinikela emaphoyiseni baboshwa.
ESharpeville, ilokishi elincane nje, aboHlanga ababelalele umyalelo wePAC, baphuma ngezinkani bazinikela emaphoyiseni ukuze ababophe ngoba “odompasi” babengabaphethe. Abantu ababuzanga elangeni ngoba kwenzeka isihluku esingakaze sibonwe emlandweni. Abantu badutshulwa bukhoma ngezinhlamvu zangempela, hhayi ezenjoloba. Njengoba yayingakaze yenzeke into enjeya phambilini, abantu babecabanga ukuthi amaphoyisa obandlululo ayadlala ngoba ayelokhu ezulazula ngamabhanoyi phezu kwabo. Abantu babethula izigqoko, besikaza izindizamshini ezazizulazula emakhanda abo, becabanaga ukuthi kuyadlalwa. Izulu laduma emini, iBhunu elaliphethe amaphoyisa, selimemezile lathi abantu ababemasha abadutshulwe. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 kwase kulele uyaca, abantu sebedutshuliwe bafa, abanye balimala kanzima. Isithombe esavela ukuthi abanye badutshulwa bebaleka, amanxeba okudutshulwa ayesemhlane, emilenzeni, ezinqulwini, nasezinquthu zamakhanda.
Isibhicongo saseSharpeville sathela uHulumeni wobandlululo ngehlazo ngoba umhlaba wonke wabona ukuthi inqubo yokucwasa ngokwebala eqhutshwa eNingizimu Afrika, yayinesihluku kangakanani. Izithombe zazisatshalaliswa kuwona wonke amazwe omhlaba. Yisona isibhicongo saseSharpeville esenza amanye amazwe emhlabeni ayihlamuke iNingizimu Afrika, angafuni lutho oluwahlanganisa nayo. USir Harold McMillan, waseBritain, wayesanda kwexwayisa ababusi bakwamanye amazwe acindezele ama-Afrika, ukuthi umoya woguquko uyavunguza, abantu bakuleli lizwekazi, bafuna okungokwabo. Ngalolo suku lo mhla zingama-21 kuNdasa, ngowe-1960, KwaLanga, eWestern Cape, umfundi waseNyuvesi YaseKapa, oneminyaka yobudala engama-23, uPhillip Kgosana, wahola imashi yabantu abacela ezi-30.000 nabo ababeshiye “odompasi” emakhaya befuna ukuthi baboshwe.
Nakhona KwaLanga, ilokishi eliqanjwe ngeNkosi uLangalibalele kaMthimkhulu wesizwe samaHlubi, amaphoyisa avulela ngenhlamvu kubantu ezama ukubahlakaza. Isimo KwaLanga asifananga nesaseSharpeville, esaholela esibhicongweni. Ngemuva kwesibhicongo saseSharpeville iNkosi u-Albert Luthuli, eyayinguMengameli kaKhongolose, yanxusa ukuthi isizwe sizile ngoba kwakuphalale igazi. OSolwazi uSobukwe, nabanye ababehlele imashi basebeboshiwe. UNdunankulu waseNingizimu Afrika, ngaleso sikhathi, uDkt uHendrik F Verwoed, wabiza iPhalamende wavala umlomo iPAC ne-ANC ngoba ethi badala uthuthuva ezweni, benza izwe lingalawuleki. Yaqhubeka ingcindezi evela emazweni omhlaba ngemuva kwesibhicongo saseSharpeville, abanye abaholi be-ANC nePAC okwakukhona kubo oMnu Oliver Reginald Tambo, uMnu uMoses Mabhida uMnu uPotlako Lebalo, uDkt uMotsoko Pheko, uMnu uJohn Nyathi Pokela, babelokhu bewuhlabe njalo umkhosi wokuthi ayinswinywe iNingizimu Afrika ngoba isaqhuba ngobandlululo.
Isibhicongo saseSharpeville, sembula ikhasi elisha emlandweni waleli lizwe, njengezibhelu zaseSoweto zangowe-1976. Umhlaba wathi sekwanele awahlonishwe amalungelo abantu eNingizimu Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ayesaqhoqhobelwe ngabokufika. Kugujwa uSuku Lwamalungelo Abantu ezweni nje kusekhona abantu okuhlukunyezwa amalungelo abo umgangela. Labo bantu yilabo besifazane abasewukudla kwenduku, beshaywa ngabayeni babo imihla namalanga. Ilezo zingane ezingalutholi uthando nokunakekelwa ngabazali bazo. Ilabo bantu abasebenza amapulazini abangena ngehora lesi-7 ekuseni, baze baphumule ngelesi-6 ntambama, ekubeni beholelwa isaka lempuphu neleklabishi, uma kuphela inyanga. Ilabo bantu abasahlala emijondolo esosebeni lomfula, uma kunezikhukhula zemuke nayo yonke into yabo.