Babekiwe abanqunywa ngenxa yezibhelu zaseMkhumbane

Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule mhla zingama-24 kuMasingana we-1960, uMkhumbane ‘eMkheyi” owaziwa ngeCato Manor, kwaKito, wawakhelene nelokishi iChesterville nalapho sekwakhiwa khona isithabathaba sesibhedlela iNkosi u-Albert Luthuli, waba nezibhelu ezagcina ngokuthi kuboshwe kwabaningi. Kwathi kubo abayisishiyagalolunye banqunywa ePretoria. UMnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo ngaphansi kukaNgqongqoshe uRonald Lamola ubuhlele ukubuyisa amathambo ezinsizwa ezanqunywa ngowe-1961. Bekuhleliwe ukuba umcimbi wenziwe ngoLwesihlanu, zingama-24 kuMasingana wezi-2020, esikhungweni sokugcina amagugu eMkhumbane Museum, kwaqalwa ngele-10 ekuseni. Iningi lemindeni livumelene ngokubafihla emathuneni okuhlonishwa kuwo amaqhawe, aseZinkawini eChesterville. Indawo uMkhumbane, indawo inomlando ojulile kusukela endulo. Ngezikhathi zakudala, isizwe sakwaChiliza sake sagoba amadlangala kuyo le ndawo, ilapho kuvela khona igama lomfula uMkhumbane. Babedabuka enhla nezwe ngasenxiweni lesigodlo seNgonyama uDingana kaSenzangakhona, eMgungundlovu onduku zibomvu, owakhiwe phezu komfula uMkhumbane, bude buduze naseBabanango nasOndini eMthonjaneni.

Igama loMkhumbane lavela kanjalo, esizweni saseMadungeni. UMkhumbane lo, ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi iseCato Manor, indawo enezakhiwo eziyimijondolo. Kwakuyipulazi leMeya yokuqala eThekwini eyahlala esihlalweni ngowe-1865, uMnu uGeorge Christopher Cato. Amaphepha epulazi akhombisa ukuthi walithola ngowe-1843, wakha isithabathaba somuzi, yikho kuthiwa iManor. Kuthe ngeminyaka ye-1900 kwase kuhlala imindeni yamaNdiya eyayitshala ukudla ikudayisa emakethe yaseThekwini. Ngokukhula kweTheku nokwanda kwabantu befuna amathuba emisebenzi, imithetho yobandlululo iqinile kakhulu edolobheni, imindeni eminingi yamaNdiya yabona ithuba lokuqashisa ngezindawo zokuhlala, nokwakuyinika imali kalula.

Banda kanjalo abantu endaweni eyayingahlelelwe ukuhlala abantu abaningi. Zanda nezinkinga zobubha, indlala, ukwesela, nobugebengu bathi ngila. Umbiko weKhomishini kaHarvey Toyson wethula isexwayiso kuKopeletsheni waseThekwini, ethi “iCato Manor izoba yinkinga enkulu uma ingalungiswa, ngoba sithi icashile ayibonankali uma useThekwini, ubuhlwempu obukule ndawo buzosusa izibhelu” kanti akabuzanga elangeni, ingemingaki nje iminyaka ebike le ndaba uHarvey Toyson, lwasuka uthuthuva.

1959: Unyaka wosizi eMkheyi Ezakhamuzini zaseMkhumbane Unyaka we-1959 kwaba wunyaka wosizi. UHulumeni wanquma ukubahlasela abantu ngaphansi komgomo woMthetho Wokuhlaliswa Kwezizwe, uNombolo 41 we-1950, Umthetho weTheku wokugaywa kotshwala besintu we-1908 uyavela kuCD esihloko sithi; ‘1959’, kaMadala Kunene. Uyalubika lolu sizi, ikakhulu ngezingoma ezithi: Isiphithiphithi, iNo Pasi No Sipesheli kanye neDraaihoek. Yingaphansi kwale mithetho lapho uKopeletsheni athatha isinqumo sokudibiza zonke izakhiwo eMkhumbane, aboHlanga badingiswa bethuthwa ngamaloli eyobachitha emalokishini ayakhiwe kude kakhulu nedolobha, KwaMashu naseMlaza, amaNdiya eChatsworth, amaKhaladi eWentworth. Inhloso kwakungukwandisa indawo yokuhlala abelungu, okwagcina kungenzekanga.

Utshwala bukaBhokweni Ngonyaka we-1908 Emuva kokukhululwa kwezinkulungwane zeziboshwa zikaKhandampondo, uKopeletsheni waseThekwini wabeka umthetho olawula ukugaywa kotshwala besiNtu. Lo mthetho wawenqabela ukuba aboHlanga bazigayele kodwa unika wonke amandla uKopeletsheni ukuba agaye utshwala ngenhloso yokudayisela aboHlanga eThekwini. Uma umndeni uzoba noncimbi kwakufanele ufake isicelo sokugaya isilinganiso leso esivunyelwe, kungafanele useqe. Lo mthetho waziwa ngokuthi umthetho wotshwala bukaBhokweni. UMnu uSighart Bourquin, wayenguNdabazabantu esebenzela kwaMuhle, lapho sekuyisikhungo sokugcina amagugu, eThekwini. Nguye uBhokweni lo owadala le nxushunxushu eMkhumbane, kusukela emibikweni yakhe ngesimo saseMkhumbane, wayesokola kakhulu ngokuthi abesifazane eMkhumbane abaphisa utshwala babudayise bephula umthetho. Phela kule ntela yotshwala obabudayiswa uKopeletsheni uBhokweni wayeyisebenzisa ukufeza izidingo zeHhovisi likaNdabazabantu eThekwini, ikakhulu ukwakha amalokishi. Lo mthetho wawuphikisa isiko lesiNtu lokuphiswa kotshwala, okungumsebenzi wabesifazane. Bazithola sebeboshwa uma begaya bedayisa utshwala eMkhumbane.

Impi yeMbokodo Wathi uNdabazabantu ebhidliza imizi amaloli ethutha bonke asebedingisiwe eyobalahla emajukujukwini akude nedolobha, bahlangana abesifazane abadayisa utshwala, behlanganiswa uMholi woPhiko Lwabesifazane, uDorothy Nyembe. Wakhuza isaga wathi ayihlome iMbokodo kaMagayisa (ibutho labesimame leNkosi uMpande) ihlasele zonke izinkantini zikaKopeletsheni, lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala bukaBhokweni. “Kwaliwa balimala kakhulu abesifazane, wabuya uDorothy weza kithi wasethuka kakhulu ethi, nina Vukayibambe nihleli dekle nilengisile kufiwa,” kubika uBaba ‘UMsomi’ Linus Dlamini umakadebona woMkhonto Wesizwe. “Kwavunyelwana ngokuthi kuzodingeka sivunule ngamaphinifa nangemishuqulo siphikelele khona,” eqhuba uDlamini. “Ibutho lethu uVukayibambe langena kanjalo kule mpi zaba ziningi izigameko, uComrade uRussell ‘Mthakathi’ Maphanga ongasekho wayenguchwepheshe wokulwa ngenduku. Baningi abadliwa yinduku yakhe, bezitshela ukuthi balwa nowesifazane. Thina esasiyintsha kaKhongolose eThekwini lokhu kwasikhuthaza. Savumelana ngokuthi sifikile isikhathi sokuthi sithathe izikhali, kusungulwe uMkhonto Wesizwe. Njengebutho likaVukayibambe saqala ukuphihliza izikhungo zikaHulumeni ungakabikwa ngokomthetho uMkhonto Wesizwe.” kuchaza umakadebona woMkhonto Wesizwe.

1961 KwaTiki: Izibhicongo kubulawa amaphoyisa Umbiko wamaphephandaba zingama-30 ngoMasingana we-1960 waveza izibhicongo sempi eyaliwa eMkhumbane, ngeSonto mhla zingama-24 ngoMasingana we-1960. Ngalolu suku umuzi waseMkhubane wagaselwa ngamaphoyisa ali-16, eholwa ngosigaxamabhande ababili babelungu. Kwakufanele bayobopha abangenamvume yokuhlala eThekwini nabadayisa utshwala besintu ngokungemthetho. Ngesikhathi sehora lesithupha kusihlwa kwase kuboshwe abantu abangama-89. Ingxenye ebalelwa ema-32 yathunyelwa esitheshini samaphoyisa akwaKito. Umbiko uveza ukuthi impi yabambana esitolo kwaTiki. Amaphoyisa ayisishagalolunye asala enkundleni. Nanka amagama amaphoyisa afa kule mpi. Umbiko wamaphoyisa uveza ukuthi, ngomhla zingama-24 kuMasingana we-1960 amaphoyisa ayekade esebuya isibili kade egasele ngayizolo ahlaselwa ngumphakathi ayeka ukusebenza ngalolo suku ngoba ethi into nje encane, kanti awabuzanga elangeni. Ngakusasa bathi impi yasuswa iphoyisa uMsomi owashaya owesifazane owayedayisa utshwala ngempama, kanti ‘amakhosikazi’ azomthelekela ngamabhodlela, kwachitheka ubendle eMkhumbane. Kubantu ababoshwa, abayisi-7 bavela phambi kwematshi zingama-25 kuMasingana, ababili babo kwakungabesifazane: uDennis Mhlongo, uMakeba Zulu, uMatunzini Mazibuko, uJoseph Ndlovu, uBabo Goqo kanye u-Ethel Mhlongo noMavis Vilakazi. Uhla lwababesolwa ngokubulala amaphoyisa lwakhula lwaba ngama-31 mhla ziyisi-6 kuNhlolanja we-1960. Lahlehliswa icala khona eNkantolo kwaKito, banqatshelwa ibheyili.

Kwathi sebevela ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuNhlolanja phambi kweMantshi Mnu u-E.W. Hoyland, umsolwa uBoy Cele wethula izikhalo zokuhlukunyezwa ngamaphoyisa asejele eSentela ethi ayabashaya, abancisha nokudla. Lokhu kwafakazelwa umsolwa uRobert Dlamini. Yathembisa iMantshi ukuthi izothumela ozocwaninga lesi sikhalo. Ngalolu suku icala lahlehliselwa umhla zingama-22 kuNhlolanja. Lwaphinde lwanda futhi uhla lwabasolwa lwaba ama-52 kusaboshwa abantu abanye njalo. Ekugcineni leli cala lagweba abangama-31, abayishumi bagwetshwa intambo, kwathi oyedwa wafaka isikhalo enkantolo wasinda, abayisi-9 banqunywa, abangama-21 badonsa iminyaka esukela kowodwa kuya kweli-15 (ubhulubhantshi). Ummeli uRowler Israel Arenstein, owayeyilungu lamadlandawonye, amaKhomanisi noKhongolose wabaMhlophe, nguyena owalwa enkantolo evikela abantu ababeboshwe eMkhumbane ngecala lokubulala amaphoyisa nezibhelu. Abelungu babehlome ngezibhamu. Imibiko yamaphephandaba yalubika ngokuhlukana lolu daba. Amaphepha esiNtu wona awalulokothi nhlobo elokuthi amaphoyisa abelungu ayehlome ngamavolovolo. Uthi uma usufunda amaphepha esilungu kuvele ngisho ukuthi bonke abelungu babehlonyiswe ngamavolovolo, benezinhlamvu ezingama-24 abadubula ngazo zaze zaphela ibambene kwaTiki. Izithombe ezaqoqwa nguBhokweni ziveza ukuthi amaphoyisa aboHlanga ayehlome ngezindukwana lezi zonogada, amadonkipiri.

‘KwaKito’ eSharpeville Akukho nhlangano yezombangazwe eyazimbandakanya nalesi sibhicongo sakwaTiki eMkhumbane. Ahluleka amaphoyisa ethula ubufakazi ethi ababewahlasela eMkhumbane babehaya, bekhuza iziqubulo zikaKhongolose ezithi ‘Mayibuye’. Izibhelu zakwaKito, zalinyakazisa izwe, phela eminyakeni emithathu nje eyedlule mhla zingama-21 ngoNdasa we-1957. UHulumeni wayenqume aMakhosana angama-22 esizwe samaNgwane saseNtabazwe ngempi yensangu, kwabulawa amaphoyisa ayisikhombisa. Imibiko yophenyo lwamaphoyisa ayedubule abulala abantu eSharpeville ngomhla zingama-21 kuNdasa we1960 yathi ethuka kakhulu uma ezwa isixuku sihaya sikhuza isaga esithi ‘kwaKito, kwaKito!’ Bazibonela nabo ukuthi bazogilwa isilo sengubo okwamaphoyisa akwaKito. Yikho badubula bezivikela.

Imibono yokuphetha: INingizimu Afrika entsha, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMengameli uMandela yasungula iKhomishini Yamaqiniso Nokubuyisana. Lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu ekwelapheni amanxeba alabo abahlukumezeka, ikakhulu imindeni. Kungaso lesi sizathu salo Mthetho Wamaqiniso Nokubuyisana we-1995, ukuba kuvele ithuba lokubuyiswa kwemizimba yalabo abanqunywa nabalahleka ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo. Siyetuseka kakhulu, isinqumo soMkhandlu wedolobha i-Ethekwini, sokuba uMkhandlu ufake isandla kuzo zonke izidingo zokungcwaba. Siyethemba ukuthi kuyohlelwa emva kwemingcwabo ukuba imindeni yonke ethintekayo, kuzo zonke izinhlaka zalesi sibhicongo, ihlanganiswe Ethekwini kuthelelwane amanzi. Imizimba yezinsizwa zaseMkhubane, yambululwa emathuneni asePretoria ngomhla-zili-17 kuZibandlela wezi-2019. Ibekwe ngesizotha mhla zingama-24 kuMasingana wezi-2020 eZinkawini kuWiggins Road eChesterville. UNgqongqoshe uLamula uqale ngokuyethula emindenini.