Ungabazane lweBritain nge-European Union lunomlando
Ngokuphela kwenyanga eyedlule uphinde waphuma ephoxekile uNdunankulu waseBritain uNkk uTheresa May njengoba amalungu ePhalamende aphinde asichitha isiphakamiso sakhe semigomo nemibandela yesehlukaniso nenhlangano yamazwe ase-Europe, i-European Union (EU). Akumsebenzelanga uNdunankulu ukuguquka kwezinhliziyo kulabo ababesichitha isiphakamiso sakhe phambilini abanjengoMnu uBoris, uMnu uJacob Rees-Mogg kanye nowayengunobhala womkhankaso wokwenyula ku-EU iBrexit uMnu uDominic Raab njengoba engama-344 amalungu avotele ukusichitha isiphakamiso sikaNdunankulu kwangama-286 athe ayehambisana naso.
Amalungu ePhalamende laseBritain ayehluleka ukuvumelana ngemigomo yesehlukaniso ne-EU nakuba umqamulajuqu wesikhathi esengeziwe i-EU eyabanika sona ukuthi bafike esivumelwanweni sokwehlukanisa sesisondele njengoba singomhla zili-12 kuMbasa.
Kunokwesaba ukuthi uma kungase kushaye lolu suku lomqamulajuqu amalungu ePhalamende esasichitha isiphakamiso sesehlukaniso uNdunankulu uMay avumelana ngaso ne-EU kungase kube nesibhicongo sesehlukaniso esingenamigomo nemibandela engase ingabi yinhle kuBritain.
Zili-10 kuMbasa kulindeleke ukuthi uNdunankulu uMay abe nomhlangano ophuthumayo namalungu e-EU okulindeleke ukuthi afike acele khona isikhathi esengeziwe sokunxenxa amalungu ePhalamende laseBritain ukuthi aseseke isiphakamiso sakhe.
Kodwa ngaphambi kwalo mhlangano kulindeleke ukuthi acele uSomlomo wePhalamende uMnu uJohn Simon Bercow ukuthi kuphindwe kuvotwe ngesiphakamiso sakhe yize uMnu uBercow eseshilo ukuthi ukuvotwa kwangoLwesihlanu bekungokokugcina ngoba angeke kwalibalwa kugidwagidwa entweni eyoba okusobala ukuthi akuvunyelwano ngayo.
Amalungu ePhalamende ahlukene kathathu njengoba kukhona abaseka isiphakamiso sikaNdunankulu okumanje sekubalwa nembangi endala uMnu uJohnson, kube khona abathi uNdunankulu akayoqala phansi ayoxoxisana ne-EU abuye nesiphakamiso esingcono lokhu okuhlongozwa kakhulu uMnu uJeremy Bernard Corbyn weLabour Party okuyiqembu eliphikisayo, bese kuba khona labo abathi kungcono khona kungenasivumelwano sesehlukaniso okunguMnu uNigel Paul Farage we-United Kingdom Independence Party ohola lo mkhankaso.
UNdunankulu uMay uzithola esesendaweni abezama ukuyibalekela njengoba sekumele anikeze izizathu ezigculisayo emalungwini angama-27 e-EU emhlanganweni wabo ophuthumayo wezili-10 kuMbasa zokuthi kungani kumele alulelwe isikhathi sokunxenxa amalungu ePhalamende lakhe njengoba wayeseluleliwe naphambilini.
Kunokwesaba ukuthi amalungu aleli Phalamende angase asebenzise ukuxakeka kwakhe uNdunankulu ukuthi afune isivumelwano esicheme nawo kakhulu kunalesi esikhona njengamanje okuyinto okusobala ukuthi angeke asivuma amalungu ePhalamende laseBritain njengoba engasivumi nalesi esikhona ekhala ngokuthi awachemile nezwe lawo iBritain.
Uma amalungu e-EU evumelana ngokwelulwa kwesikhathi sokwenyula kweBritain kuzochaza ukuthi iBritain izoba ingxenye yokhetho lwale nhlangano lwangezingama-23 kuNhlaba okuyinto uMay kade ayezama ukuyibalekela ngezizathu zokuthi lokhu sekungukuphoqa abantu baseBritain ukuthi babe ingxenye yento ababethe abasafuni ukuzihlanganisa nayo phambilini okungase kusho ukuphela kwakhe uMay kwezombusazwe njengoba sekuthinta ukuhlonipha inqubo yedemokhrasi.
Kusukwa kude nalokhu
Zingama-23 kuNhlangulana kowezi-2016 abantu baseBritain bavotela ukwehlukanisa ne-EU okumanje sekwaziwa ngokuthi iBrexit. Nakuba kukhona esabathusa lesi sinqumo kodwa umlando uyaveza ukuthi lokhu kuyinto okwakufanele ilindelwe.
Umlando weBrexit ungalandwa eminyakeni engama-62 eyedlule kowe-1957 emva kwempi yesibili yamazwe omhlaba ngesikhathi amazwe ayisithupha okuyiWest Germany, i-Italy, iFrance, iBelgium, iNetherlands kanye neLuxembourg evumelana ngokwakha inhlangano yokusebenzisana phakathi kwawo ezoqinisekisa ukuthula kanye nokwelekelelana ngokwezomnotho i-European Economic Community (EEC) okumanje seyaziwa ngele-EU.
IBritain yaqala yangayinambithisisa kahle eyokuba ingxenye yale nhlangano njengoba kwakunokwesaba ukuthi izonqindeka amandla. Kwathi lulunye kuMasingana we-1973 abantu baseBritain ababehlukene phakathi ngalesi sinqumo okwabe sekuvotwa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi abantu bafuna leli lizwe liqhubeke kule nhlangano noma lenyule, abangama-67% bathi bafuna liqhubeke. Ukuqala ukuba muncu kobudlelwano phakathi kweBritain ne-EU kwaqala ngowe-1979 ngesikhathi uNkk uMargaret Hilda Thatcher eqokelwa kwesobuNdunankulu eBritain.
UThatcher wayekhala ngokuthi imali izwe lakhe eliyitshala kule nhlangano ayitheli izithelo ezifanayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu, ngalokhu wayefuna isinxephezelo sopondo baseBritain abangaphezu kwesigidigidi akagcina ngokusithola zingama-26 kuNhlangulana kowe-1984. UNkk uThatcher wayengasayizwa kahle eyokuhlala kwezwe lakhe kule nhlangano okwathi emhlanganweni wale nhlangano wangowe-1988 owawuseBruges eBelgium wakhuluma inkulumo eyayithi; “Okuzoqinisa i-Europe ukuthi ibe neFrance ezilawula ngendlela yaseFrance, iSpain esizilawula ngendlela yaseSpain kanjalo nakumanye amazwe angaphansi kwale nhlangano hhayi ukuthi kube khona inhlangano ezama ukunqinda amandla wonke lawa mazwe ngenhloso yokuziqinisa yona.” Le nkulumo yababangela amazinyo abushelelezi nangaphakathi eqenjini lakhe iConservative Party okwaholela ekusuleni kwakhe kwesobuNdunankulu ngowe-1990.
Abangena ezicathulweni zakhe uMnu uJohn Mayor kanye noMnu uTony Blair ekuholeni le nhlangano bazama ukuvuselela ubuhlobo nale nhlangano okwathi uma le nhlangano isiyengeza amalungu ngowezi-2003 iBritain yakhetha ukuhlala. Inhlekelele yesimo sezomnotho emhlabeni wonke kwangowezi-2008 kwaholela ekutheni abantu abakumanye amazwe ase-Europe bathutheleke eBritain okuyinto leli lizwe elalingenakuyivimba ngoba isivumelwano sobulungu ne-EU sivuna ukuthi kube lula ukuhambelana phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu ale nhlangano okuyinto engehlanga kahle kwabaningi eBritain abaqala bathi ukuze kugwemeke lokhu kuthutheleka kwabantu iBritain ayenyule kule nhlangano. Kanti nokungabi bikho kozinzo eMiddle East okwaletha inqwaba yabantu eBritain nakho kwawukhuthaza lo moya wokwenyula ku-EU okwathi ngowezi-2013 iqembu i-United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) lathatha ngazo zombili leli thuba laqala lakhankasela ukuthi iBritain yehlukanise ne-EU.
Ukudlondlobala kwe-UKIP kwamfakela amanzi emadolweni owayenguNdunankulu ngaleso sikhathi ngaphansi kweqembu iConservative Paty uMnu uDavid Cameroon owayesesaba ukuthi iqembu lakhe lingase lingaliboni elidlalayo okhethweni lukazwelonke lwangowezi-2015 owabe esekhipha isimemezelo sokuthi uzonikeza abantu baseBritain ukhetho lokuthi bayafuna yini ukuhlala ku-EU noma bafuna ukuphuma.
Lesi simemezelo sayenza yalunqoba ukhetho iConservative Party ngowezi-2015 kodwa ingcindezi eyalandela lapho yamphoqa ukuthi uMnu uCameroon akhiphe usuku lokhetho olwaba zingama-23 kuNhlangulana kowezi-2016.