Ezemnotho waseGhana ziyethembisa e-Afrika



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KUSUKELA mhla zintathu kuya zizine kuMandulo kophezulu, izwe iGhana lizobe libambe enkulukazi ingqungquthela emaqondana nezindaba zezomnotho. Kule ngqungquthela kuzobe kudingidwa kabanzi maqondana nokuthuthukisa umnotho wezwe iGhana.
Ukubeka umfundi esithombeni nje, izwe iGhana liyizwe lokuqala elathola inkululeko e Afrika emuva kokuthi lalicindezelwe yiBritain. Kumanje, selineminyaka engama-61 lakhululeka emaketangeni obandlululo nokucwaswa ngokwebala, liseNtshonalanga nezwekazi e-Afrika, okanti linabantu cishe abayizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu, libe lakhelene namazwe amathathu afana neTogo, neBurkina Faso neCote d’Ivoire, kanti elinye izwe elikhulu elingekude neGhana yiNigeria. Kanti phakathi kwezinhlaka zokuthuthukisa umnotho e-Afrika, iGhana ingelinye lamazwe ayishumi nesihlanu esigabeni esibizwa nge- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Liqala ukuthola inkululeko elaseGhana, umengameli walo wokuqala esingathi owabe ethandwa futhi ehlonishwa njengoMnu uMandela waseNingizimu Afrika, kwabe kunguNkwame Nkrumah. Kusukela lathola inkululeko elaseGhana selibe nomengameli abalishumi nanye kuxuba nokhona kumanje, okunguMnu uNana Akufo-Addo. Okunye okumele sikuqonde ngeGhana njengamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, futhi nanjengezwe elathola kuqala inkululeko yabamba elikhulu iqhaza ekusekeleni amazwe ayengakakhululeki nalo lelo laseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi lisalwela eyalo inkululeko.
Umnotho waseGhana, njengowamazwe amaningi e-Afrika wencike kulena elandelayo, izimbiwa ezifana negolide, umanyazini, amadayimane, insimbi, usimende, uwoyela osandukutholakala nokunye okuningi okutholakala ezifundazweni zonke zakhona. Kanti uma sibheka isikalo sawo, ngomkhiqizo owakhiwa khona silinganiselwa ezigidigidini ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa amadola ase-USA ($70bn US). Ukukhula komnotho waseGhana kuyimanje ungamaphesenti ayisi-9.3%. Eminyakeni elishumi lomnotho waseGhana wakhula kusuka emaphesentini amathathu kwaze kwaba ngama-9.3, okanti ngonyaka wezi-2011 uke wakhula umnotho waze wafinyelela kumaphesenti ali-14. Lokhu kube ukukhula okungakaze kubonwe ngisho nakwamanye amazwe, futhi wawukhula ngaphandle kokungenelela kukawoyela osanda kutholakala. Kuthe ngesikhathi sekuqalile umkhiqizo kawoyela, iGhana yabe isiyehla kancane kulokhu kukhula yehlela kuso isigaba lesi sika- 9.3%. Kuyimanje njengamazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga ne- Afrika izwe laseGhana selifuna ukunganciki kulolu hlobo lomnotho kuphela. Yize iGhana nayo ikhala ngenkinga yokungabi bikho lwemisebenzi, kodwa izibalo zikhomba ukuthi abantu abangenayo imisebenzi bancane kakhulu ngokwamaphesenti, njengoba bekulinganiselwa kuphela ema-2.3%.
Ngenxa yesehlo sakamuva lapho kuye kwavalwa khona amabhange cishe amahlanu kwangamashumi amathathu akhona eGhana, lesi sibalo sesenyuke kancane ngenxa yokulahleka kwemisebenzi kwalabo ebebesebenza emabhange. Ngokombiko weWorld Bank isivinini sokukhula komnotho ngonyaka wezi-2019, sizolinganiselwa kumaphesenti ayisi-6.3%. Izwe iGhana linenhlanhla enkulu ngokuba nesibalo esincane kakhulu sabantu abangasebenzi, lokhu okuzinkomba zokuthi kukhona okuhle abakwenzayo ngakwezepolitiki yokulawula omnotho.
Nxa sibheka izigaba zomnotho waseGhana singabeka sithi, ngokohla lwezomnotho wesiqalo nesibili, okungumnotho wezimbiwa, ulwandle, nezolimo, nezimboni kulinganiselwa emaphesentini angama-48.4. Owesithathu umaqondana nezinto ezifana nezitolo, amabhange, izitolo zamaseli nokunye, wona ulinganiselwa emaphesenti angama-50.6. Le ngxenye yomnotho wokugcina, yiwona omkhulu kancanyane kodwa futhi ungaphansana kancane nxa kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ngokwezinkomba zezomnotho emhlabeni.
Njenganoma yimuphi umnotho emhlabeni, ukwehla kwamandla edola lase-USA kuyawukhinyabeza umnotho waseGhana yize noma imali yakhona uma kuqhathaniswa nedola isimeme kakhulu kunerandi laseNingizimu Afrika, kwazise idola ngalinye lilinganiselwa emasenti amahlanu, okanti isenti ngalinye lilinganiselwa emarandini amathathu, lokhu okusho ukuthi irandi laseNingizimu Afrika lintekenteke ledlulwa icenti laseGhana. UMengameli waseGhana ongoweshumi nanye uqaphele ukuthi izwe iGhana libe ngeleshumi e-Afrika ngobukhulu eminyakeni engaphansi kweshumi. Selokhu iGhana yathola inkululeko, uMnu uNana-Addo- Dankwa-Akufo-Addo owaziwa kakhulu njengesishabasheki esifuna ukubuyisela iGhana endleleni yokuzigqaja nenesisindo esikhulu emnothweni nguyena ozobe eyisikhulumi esiqavile kule ngqungquthela. IGhana izwe eliyingxenye yohlelo lwezomnotho lwaseNtshonalanga ne-Afrika olubizwa nge-ECOWAS. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amazwe ayindidiyela angamashumi nesihlanu ahlala njalo ezibandakanya nezingxoxo zokuthi angavula kanjani iminotho yawo ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisana nokwakhana maqondana nokuthuthukisa umnotho ngokubambisana okuyothi kulethele abawo inkululeko epheleleyo kule ngxenye ye-Afrika. Eminyakeni elishumi edlule iGhana iqale le nkambo yokuhlahlela indlela ecacile kwezomnotho, esikwazile ukuqala itshengise izithelo nxa kukhulunywa ngokukhulisa umnotho wakhona.
Phakathi kokuningi obekubhekwa kule ngqungquthela esingeyesikhombisa ngukuqinisa amaxhama okuxhumana phakathi kukaHulmeni nosozimboni, abatshalizimali bangaphandle nangaphakathi kwaseGhana, abaphathi bezinkampani ngokwehlukahlukana kwezizinda nokunye. Ukuqhakambisa osozimboni abancane nalabo abayizishabasheki ekwakhiweni kwamabhizinisi bekusekhaleni lale ngqungquthela njengokwecebo likamengameli wakhona ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamathuba amasha nokukhulisa umnotho waseGhana ngesivinini. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona nenhloso enhle yokukhuthaza ubudlelwano obumele njalo uma bube buhle kulabo abasebenzela uHulumeni beshaya imithetho elawula ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi ukuze kungabi bikho ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo phakathi kukaHulumeni nosozimboni. Okubhekeleke ukuthi uma kwenzakale futhi, ukukhulisa osozimboni baseGhana ukuze bafinyelele esigabeni sokuhweba nokuqhudelana esigabeni samazwe omhlaba.
Ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi, “Ukuzimisela kweGhana ukuqhoqhobala izimboni ezintsha”. IGhana seyingene komunye umgqigqo wokuzibona nayo njengezodlala indima enkulu hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi, kepha nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba ukuze ingasileli emuva maqondana nesigaba sesine sezimboni emhlabeni. Yingakho imimoya iphezulu maqondana nokuzibandakanya ngokomqondo omele uma usabalele ngaphezu kwalokho abakwenzayo kumanje njengezwe. Okunye bekubukwa, indlela okumele ingqalasizinda mayime ngakhona. Le ngqungquthela osekungeyesikhombisa, iqhubekile yabheka kabanzi isakhiwo esisha esibizwa ngeGhana Infrastructure Investment Fund, GIIF ngamafushane. Lo mqondo wokwakha iGIIF wavela ngonyaka wesibili emva kokusungulwa kweGEF. Le GIIF yabe isibekwa ukuthi ikwazi ukuxhumanisa, ukugqugquzela, ukulawula nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala izimali zokufezekisa iphupho lokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda eGhana.
Ekhuluma ekuvulweni kwale nhlanganiso, omunye wongqongoshe uMhlonishwa Yaw Osafo Maafo ucacise ngezigaba ezine izwe laseGhana elizozibheka njengalezi: Ukubhekana nozinzo kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwezezimali, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda kanye namandla kagesi, ukwakha izimboni ezintsha ezifundazweni zakhona kanye nokuthuthukisa ezolimo okubonakale ukuthi zehle nangaphansi kokungekho eminyakeni emibili Uphinde eyedlule. Uphinde wakucacisa ukuthi izwe laseGhana libhekene nengwadla yokuba nezintambo zikagesi cishe ama- 96% azo osesimweni esiyingozi kakhulu. Iningi lalezi zintambo livela ngaphandle kweGhana, kanti ezingama-4% ezakhiwa ngaphakathi eGhana zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa umsebenzi okumele mabawenze osozimboni ekubhekeleleni izinhlobo zezinto okuzomele iGhana mayizenze ukungenelela ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezifana nalezi.
Ezinye zezinto eziye zabaluleka kakhulu ezethulwe oyisekela mengameli uMnu uMahamudu Bawumia ukugcizelela ukuthi iGhana ukuze idonse abatshali zimali izobhekana nokuthi ixegise lezi zinto ezilandelayo uma ifuna ukwenza umsebenzi wabatshalizimali ube lula.
Njengoba sazi ukuthi intela yeVAT yakhona ingamaphesenti ali-17, nokho izoqedwa nya kubatshalizimali befaka imali yabo kulezi zinto ezilandelayo,
Ezokuthengwa nokwakhiwa kwezindlu, imboni yezezimali abandakanya amabhange nemishwalense, imali yezikhumulandiza, ukwehliswa kweVAT kusuka ku-17% kuya ku-3% kosomabhizinisi abancane. Ukuqedwa kwentela emalini eyenziwa ngabasuke bedayisa izindlu, ukuqedwa kwemali yezinto ezisuke zithengelwa ukuzokwakha umkhiqizo zivela ngaphandle, ukuxoxisana namalungu ayi-14 enhlangano ye-ECOWAS ukuze kube nentsebenziswano ehambisanayo. Ukuqedwa kwentela yeVAT ekuthengweni.
Okuphinde kwaphawula yizikhulu zaseGhana ukuthi leli lizwe lizoqinisekisisa ukuthi liba yinhloko yomgwaqosiseko we- African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). Phela lesi sivumelwano, iGhana yaba ngenye yezwe lokuqala ukusishicilela kwazise abantu bokuqala abahlaba ikhwelo lokuthi i-Afrika mayisebenzisane kwabe kunguye uMengameli wokuqala weGhana uMnu uNkwame Nkrumah. Lokhu kuyigxathu elibaluleke kakhulu ekubekeni iGhana ekuthenini ibe ngeyeshumi e-Afrika ngobukhulu bomnotho. Umanka usekufezekiseni leli phupho lezwe likaNkrumah, ukuze iGhana iphinde ikhombe indlela njengoba yenza ekuqaleni.