Ziyosala izibongo ngoDkt uGarang de Mabior
Ubuqotho nokuzikhandla kukaDkt uGarang bufana nezithukuthuku zenja, uma kubukwa okwenzeka eSudan
NGONYAKA wezi-2005, zingama-30 kuNtulikazi izakhamuzi zaseSouth Sudan, kanye ne-Afrika yonkana zathola izindaba ezishaqisayo zokushona engozini yebhanoyi kukaDkt uJohn Garang de Mabior.
Okwababuhlungu kakhulu ngukuthi ukushona kwakhe ngokuzuma kwenzeka ingakapheli ngisho inyanga emveni kokuqokwa kwakhe ukuba abe yiSekela-Mengameli laseSudan, aphinde abe nguMengameli weSouthern Sudan.
Ukubekwa kwakhe kulezi zikhundla kwakuyingxenye yesivumelwano esibizwa ngeComprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), esasisayinwe yiSudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) kanye noHulumeni waseSudan oholwa nguMengameli u-Omar Al-Bashir.
UDkt uGarang, okunguye owahola ithimba leSPLM/A kulezi zingxoxo ezathatha iminyaka eyevile kwemithathu wafana noMose waseBhayibhelini yena ongazange afinyelele ezweni lesethembiso.
UDkt uGarang, ungomunye wabaholi abahlonishwayo kwezepolitiki ezwenikazi ngeqhaza alibamba ekubumbeni aphinde ahole iSPLM/A. Le nhlangano wayibumba ngonyaka we-1983, emva kokuba esebonile ukuthi abaholi baseSudan babengazimisele neze ukuphatha izwe ngendlela eyayizodala ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zizithole zingezamukelekile ezweni lazo. Lokhu kucwasana kwakudla lubi kwaboHlanga abangabokudabuka eSudan ngenxa yokuthi babengalandeli inkolo yobu-Islam ngakho-ke bezithola behlezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kuphinde kube ngukuthi isizinda sikawoyela ongahluziwe eSudan sisesifundazweni seSouth Sudan kepha aboHlanga babengahlomuli lutho ngalokho, beyifunga intuthuko emiphakathini yabo.
Ekubumbeni kwakhe iSPLM/A uDkt Garang wakhombisa ukuthi wayenolwazi olunzulu mayelana nezakhamuzi zaseSouth Sudan, olunjengokuba khona kwezizwe eziningi ezahlukene, kanye nomlando oveza ukuthi kwakukuningi okwenza ukuthi lezi zizwe zingathelelani amanzi.
Kepha okaGarang wenza ngakho konke ukuthi kule minyaka kulwelwa ukuphuma ebugqilini beSudan i-SPLM/A igxile ekwakheni ukubuyisana kwezizwe ezahlukene, nokugqamisa ukuthi aboHlanga bangavumeli ukuthi ukwehluka kwabo ngokobuzwe, kubavimbe ekuthini babe yimbumba. Ngakho-ke, iSPLM/A, ngaphansi kwesandla sikaDkt Garang yayaziwa njengeqembu elibumbene, futhi lihambisa phambili ukusebenzisana ukuze kubhekanwe ngqo nesitha esisodwa ngaleyo minyaka.
Ukushona kwakhe-ke kwavula inxeba elikhulu ngoba akupholanga maseko kwabe sekubonakala ukuthi kwabanye babaholi beSPLM/A bakhona abanezinhloso zokusebenzisa ubuzwe obehlukene kwizakhamuzi ukudala ingxabano.
UDkt Garang, wayephinde ashumayele ivangeli lokuthi inkululeleko ababeyilwela kwakungeyokusungula iSudan eyahlukile (“A New Sudan”) kunalena ababephila ngaphansi kwayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba emlandweni weSPLM/A isaholwa nguye, okwakucacile ngukuthi babehlose ukwakha iSudan eyodwa kepha ekwaziyo ukubhekelelana ngokulingene, nokwenza ubulungiswa kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, futhi kungabi khona inkolo ecindezela ezinye.
Le ntshisekelo yeSudan ebumbene, yaba ngezinye zezingqinamba ezadingidwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokusayindwa kweCPA. ‘Okwagcina kuvunyelwene ngakho kwaba ngukuthi kuyobanjwa inhlolovo emveni kweminyaka emihlanu ezonika ithuba lokuthi izakhamuzi zizikhethele ukuthi zifuna ukuqhubeka zibe yingxenye yeSudan, noma zibe nezwe elizimele.
Isinqumo senhlolovo-ke eyabanjwa ngonyaka wezi-2010, okaGarang engasekho, aba ngesokuthi kube nezwe elizimele eselibizwa ngeSouth Sudan.
Noma kumele isinqumo sezakhamuzi sihlonishwe kepha ukwehluleka kwabaholi be SPLM/A ukuba basebenzisane ekwakheni lelizwe kungathathwa njengenkomba yokuthi oka Garang wayazi ukuthi imiphumela yaso iyoba yini.
UDkt uGarang, washona eseyibekile induku ebandla, esekhombisile ukuthi wayengumholi oqotho, olimelayo iqiniso, futhi owayekhathazeka ngezinhlupheko, nokungahlali kahle ezweni kwabangabokudabuka eSudan. ‘Ubuqotho bobuholi bakhe wabukhombisa ngokusungula yona iSPLM/A, kunokuba aqhubeke abe yingxenye kahulumeni waseSudan owawuphethe ngendluzula aboHlanga. Waphinde wabukhombisa ubuholi ngokuthi ahole impi eyathatha iminyaka ngoba ebona ukuthi imizamo yokubuyisana nabaholi baseSudan ayizi nalutho. Wabukhombisa futhi ngokuthi enze ngakho konke ukuthi iSPLM/A, yize izigameko ezimbi zabakhona, kodwa iqhubeke nokuba yiqembu elilodwa. Waphinde wabukhombisa ngokuthi mhla esebona ukuthi ikhona intuba yokuxoxisana, ayithathele phezulu, kwaze kwafinyelela ekusayindweni kweCPA.
Nokho namuhla, ubuqotho bukaGarang kungathi sebufana nezithukuthuku zenja, uma kubukwa lokhu okwenzekayo ngaphakathi eqenjini alibumba. Sekuphele iminyaka emi-5 kwaqubuka udweshu phakathi kwabaholi ababili baleli qembu, uMengameli Salva Kiir, kanye no wayeyiSekela lakhe uRiek Machar. Kusasiniswa amahleza kuyo yonke imizamo yokudala ukubuyisana kulabaholi ngoba ayikabi namithelela ezwakalayo.
Lokhu ushiwo ngoba izakhamuzi zase South Sudan, okusegameni lazo iSPLM/A yasungulwa, zisabhekene nobunzima obuxakayo. Ubunzima obudalwa futhi buqhamuka kubo labaholi ababethembise ukuthi yibo abazoba ngabavikeli babo ngaphansi kwe zwe elizimele. ‘Imizamo ebekhona amasontweni edlule, ezingxoxweni ebeziholwa nguMengameli wase-Uganda uMnu Yoweri Museveni, akubonakali ize neziphakamiso ezigculisayo. Lokhu sekudale ukuthi abanye babaholi baleli qembu eselihlukene kabili, kukhona iSPLM-In-Government kanye ne SPLM-In-Opposition, basheshe bakuveze ukuthi angeke kube lula ukuvumelana.
Esikuphawulayo ngukuthi, nanonyaka, kuzodlula inyanga kaNtulikazi, okukhunjulwa ngayo ukushona kukaGarang, iphupho alilwela kwaze kwaba sekufeni lingakafezeki. Okubi ukuthi abahleli phezu kokufezeka kwaleli phupho yibo bona labo ayebambisene nabo esadla anhlamvana.
Leli kwakuyiphupho lokuthi izakhamuzi zaseSouth Sudan zihlale ezweni elinokuthula kanye nentuthuko.
- UMnu uSenzo Ngubane, uNgoti ozimele kwezocwaningo lokudala ukubuyisana nokuthula ezwenikazi i-Africa.
