Iyozala nkomoni emuva kukaDhlakama
UKUDLULA emhlabeni kobenguMengameli weqembu eliphikisayo eMozambique, iMozambican National Resistance (RENAMO), uMnu u-Afonso Dhlakama akwethusanga ngoba bekwaziwa ukuthi ubesebuthakathaka empilweni, kepha kushiya imibizo mayelana nekusasa lokuthula, nokuqhubeka kokuqinisa izakhiwo zoxolo eMozambique.
Le mibuzo iqhamuka ngoba, ezinyangeni ezedlule, uDhlakama noMengameli waseMozambique uMnu uFilipe Nyusi bebendawonye emizamweni yokuthi kuphothulwe izingxoxo ngezingqinamba obesekuphele iminyaka iRENAMO ikhala ngazo. Lezi zingxoxo bezibanjwa ngaphansi kwesivumelwano esenziwa ngowezi-2015 lapho iRENAMO yazibophezelala ekutheni izoxoxisana neqembu elibusayo kunokuba iqhubeke nokudala uthuthuva ngokuhlasela izikhungo zikaHulumeni nokuhlukumeza izakhamuzi.
Ubengubani uDhlakama, neqembu abelihola inhloso yalo kwakuyini? Lena ngenye yemibuzo esivela futhi okumele iphendulwe. Umlando waseMozambique ukhombisa ukuthi imibono iyohlale ihlukene ngendima eyadlalwa nguDhlakama. Ohlangothini lokuqala, bakhona ezweni abayoqhubeka ngokumbona njengaloyo owayengumholi wabo oqotho futhi owayelwela izidingo zabo kwaze kwaba ekugcineni.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi wathatha izintambo zobuhol beRENAMO ngowe-1979, eneminyaka engama-26, emveni kokuba kubulawe umholi wayo wokuqala u-André Matsangaissa, owayehlubuke kuFront for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO). Mhla isungulwa iRENAMO ngowe-1975 (okungunyaka izwe elakhululeka ngawo), yayizinze kakhulu enhla neMozambique ithi inhloso yayo ukuvikela amalungelo nezimfuno zezakhamuzi ezibuya kulezozifundazwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziningi izakhamuzi zaseMozambique ezokhalaza njalo ngeRENAMO, noDhlakama ngokuthi kwakungo ntam’iqinile, abadala ukuthi izwe liqhubeke nokubhekana nempi yombango isidingo singasekho emveni kokulwela inkululeko kumaPutukezi.
Ichilo iRENAMO engeke ikwazi ukulisula ngelokuthi yaziwa njengeqembu elalisekwa ngoHulumeni bangaphambili baseNingizimu Afrika, nabakwamanye amazwe aseNyakatho ngoba behlose ukuvimva iFRELIMO ukuba iphathe ezweni ngenxa yokuthi yayeseka amaqembu ayelwela inkululeko e-Afrika.
Kuzokhunjulwa nokuthi, noma ngabe iFRELIMO yakwazi ukuqumba phansi umbuso wamaPutukezi ngonyaka we-1975, kodwa impi phakathi kweFRELIMO neRENAMO yaqhubeka isikhathi eside; yaze yaphezwa yisivumelwano esasayinwa ngowe-1992 esabizwa ngeRome Agreement esakwazi ukuthi siqale indlela yokuletha ukuthula eMozambique ngoba impi yombango yaphela kepha, uDhlakama neqembu lakhe, abazange bapheze ngezinkonondo zokuthi ezinye zezinjongo zalesivumelwano azizange zifezwe yiFRELIMO.
Kwezinye zeziqhamo sesivumelwano sowe-1992 kwaba ngukuthi izwe liye okhethweni lokuqala ngowe-1994 lapho uDhlakama wahola iRENAMO kepha wehlulwa iFRELIMO yanqoba.
Kusukela lapho, uDhlakama nguye owahola iRENAMO okhethweni ngowe-1999; 2004; 2009; nowezi- 2014, lapho abhekana nabaholi abehlukene beFRELIMO abagcina sebeba ngoMengameli.
Okugqamayo ngukuthi noma ngabe iqembu elibusayo selaba nabaholi abehlukene, iRENAMO ibisalokhu iholwa nguDhlakama kwaze kwaba sekupheleni. Ukugweva kwakhe nesikhundla isikhathi eside kangaka bekuthathwa njengenkomba yokuthi ubeyingudlovukayiphikiswa.
Emveni kokuhamba kukaDhlakama, okusabisa abaningi ukungazi noma iRENAMO izoqhubeka nezingxoxo zokubuyisana. Izingoxo bese zihambe kakhulu, futhi noMengameli uNyusi, ubesebona uDhlakama njengozakwabo emizamweni yokuqeda ukuphikisana.
Kokuningi iRENAMO ebikhala ngakho kubili obekuhamba phambili, okokuqala, ukuthi makuphothulwe kahle izinhlelo zokuthi labo ababengamasosha ayo babe yingxenye yezempi yase Mozambique ngokugcwele; okwesibili bekunguthi kuguqulwe umthethosisekelo ukuze wandise amandla koHulumeni basemakhaya, kanye nabezifundazwe.
Umthethosisekelo waseMozambique, unika uHulumeni kazwelonke amandla amaningi ngaphezu koHulumeni bezifundazwe, okuyinto iRENAMO ebikhala ngayo. Obekwenza ukuthi iREMANO ikhalaze kakhulu ngukuthi noma ngabe yayehluleka ukuphumelela ukhetho lukazwelonke, kodwa zikhona izifundazwe eMozambique lapho yayinqoba khona kodwa, ngenxa yoMthethosisekelo ibingakwazi ukuthi izilawule ngokugcwele.
Akuphelanga maseko ngemuva kokudlula kukaDhlakama, isigungu esiphezulu seRENAMO sadalula ukuthi sesiqoke uJenene u-Ossufa Momade ukuba yibamba Mengameli. Lesi sinqumo simangaze futhi safaka itwetwe kwabaningi ikakhulukazi labo abafisa ukuthi izingxoxo neFRELIMO ziqhubeke ngokungenazihibe.
UJenene uMomade, waba yilungu le RENAMO ngowe-1978 nalapho aba sezikhundleni ezahlukene esokugcina bekungesokuba nguNobhala wezempi aphinde abe ngelinye lama lungu amele iRENAMO kwindlu yesishayamthetho eMozambique. Bekukade kulindeleke ukuthi iRENAMO ilandele umthethosisekelo wayo ngokuthi iqoke loyo onguNobhala Jikelele weqembu uManuel Bissopo ukuba abe nguMengameli. UBissopo uthathwa njengomunye wabaholi beqembu obesondelene kakhulu noDhlakama futhi ebebambisene naye kwizingxoxo ezikhona. Lesi sinyathelo sithande ukushubisa isimo, ikakhulukazi ngoba uMomade usesheshe wasabisa ngokuthi angeke abe nankinga ukuphula isivumelwano sika-2015 ngokubuyela ehlathini uma iFRELIMO ingaphuthumi nokubhekela izikhalazo ze RENAMO. Izexwayiso ezifana nalezi okumele ziqguqguzele iFRELIMO kanye namazwe angomakhelwane neMozambique ukuthi kubanjiswane ekuqhubeni lezingxoxo ukuze izifiso zothand’impi abakhona kwi RENAMO zingafezeki.
- UMnu uSenzo Ngubane, uNgoti ozimele kwezocwaningo lokudala ukubuyisana nokuthula ezwenikazi i-Africa.
