AboHlanga kabadli imbuya ngothi ngoba bethanda
Kusesinda kwehlela kwaboHlanga yize kuthiwa sesakhululeka
EMINYAKENI engaphezu kwama-20 kwatholakala inkululeko ngokusho kosopolitiki, kuhle isimo saboHlanga siqondakale ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani sibe kulesi simo esikuso ngoba sekunokukhuluma okukhona ezweni ngokuthi aboHlanga bangamavila, bebekwa njengabantu abadla imbuya ngothi ngoba bethanda. Esimweni esinjalo, kuhle ukuthi sike siqalaze umlando ukuze nalabo abasho njalo bezokwelashwa yiwo umlando, bangazitholi sebehhema ezidlangalaleni njengoba sibona abanye benza nsuku zaphuma.
Ngonyaka we-1510, amaPhuthukezi eholwa nguDom Francisco de Almeida azama ukuhlasela aboHlanga ababehlala eKapa, lapho okwakubalwa abeNguni bakwaXhosa kanye nabaThwa ababizwa ngamaKhoi Khoi ngamaphumalimi. Amabutho abeNguni kanye nawabaThwa ahlangana abhekana namaPhuthukezi awanqoba onke kwangasinda nelilodwa iPhuthukezi. Le mpi yaziwa ngokuthi yiMpi yaseSalt River. Emva kwale mpi, kwadlula iminyaka eli-142 ngaphambi kokuthi kuphinde kufike abaseNtshonalanga ngo-1652 beholwa nguJan Van Riebeeck. Ngokufika kwalamaphumalimi, kwaphinde kwaqubuka izimpi phakathi kwaboHlanga kanye nezihambi ezazibaqhwaga umhlaba abangumsinsi kuwo. Enye yalezi zimpi yayiholwa nguDoman wabaThwa, kwaliwa ngowe-1657, nowe-1659, nowe-1673 kwaze kwaba ngowe-1677, kwagcina ngokuthi amaphumalimi enqobe aboHlanga ngenduku yamagwala. INkosi yabaThwa yabuza uJan Van Riebeeck yathi, “Uma ngase thina boHlanga, siye eNtshonalanga, singavunyelwa ukuziphatha ngale ndlela eniziphethe ngayo kwelakithi? Ngabe kakukho nkinga ukuba nihlala ndawonye kule ndawo enakhele kuyo, kepha niza ngapha ngakithi. Nizikhethela umhlaba eniwuthandayo. Kanibuzi nhlobo ukuthi thina kusiphatha kanjani lokhu nanokuthi kakusilulazi na? Nithi umhlaba kawuyanele imfuyo yethu kanye neyenu, tshela mina Van Riebeeck nezifikanamthwalo zakho, ngokobulungiswa bangempela, ngubani okumele agudlukele omunye phakathi komnini kanye nesifikanamthwalo?” Iningi labaThwa bathathwa baphendulwa izigqila ngamaphumalimi, egqilazelwa eRobben Island. Ngithi akengiveze lo mlando omncane wezimpi ezaliwa ngabaThwa bebambisene nabeNguni bakwaXhosa bebhekene nabaseNtshonalanga ngoba le mpi yabamhlophe yaqala yadla abaThwa, yase ingenisa kwaXhosa yasabalala kulo lonke laboHlanga. Nalapha kwelikaMthaniya, ngokukaSolwazi uMaphalala, kwathi ukuba kufike abelungu ababeyingxenye yalabo ababelwa nabantu boHlanga kwaXhosa, uFynn, u-Isaacs, u-Ogle nabanye ngowe-1824, baqala ukusebenzisa umshoshaphansi wokuba abantu bavukele iNgonyama. Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha befikile, iSILO uShaka sacitshwa ngomkhonto owawuqhamuka esixukwini kuhlangenwe kwaBulawayo. Kwasolwa abakwaQwabe. Kwaqala lapho ukungethembani kumaZulu okungakaze kwenzeke ngisho siseseJuba. Okwesibili, umshoshaphansi wedlanzana lamaNgisi elalinikezwe iziza eSibubulungu elagcina likwazile ukungenisa imfundisoze kubaNtwana baseNdlunkulu okwaholela ekubulaweni kweSILO uShaka kwaDukuza.
Umlando wezimpi zonke ezaliwa nabaseNtshonalanga, ziliwa iZilo zakwaZulu kanye neziKumkane zakwaXhosa ziningi futhi ziyaziwa. Zonke zasuswa indaba yomhlaba abaseNtshonalanga ababewuqhwaga aboHlanga. Lokhu bakwenza besebenzisa impi nonya, bezama ngayo yonke indlela yokubhidliza uBukhosi baboHlanga, bebulala bebopha naMakhosi, bephuca aboHlanga umhlaba nemfuyo, baphendula abantu bobukhosi izigqila. Iphuzu elikhulu lokuphikisana nabathi aboHlanga bangamavila lilele kakhulu ekuphendulweni kwaboHlanga izigqila ngabaseNtshonalanga. Elami lithi ngaboHlanga ababesekhaleni lokuthuthukisa iNingizimu Afrika ngenkathi bezigqila, yonke imisebenzi yayenziwa nesenziwa ezimbonini ezakha umgogodla womnotho waseNingizimu Afrika yayenziwa, isenziwa, ngaboHlanga. Konke okumbiwa phansi, zonke izakhiwo, ukweluswa kwemfuyo nokulima, ukuthunga kanye nokwakha impahla, ngisho namasu okwenza umsebenzi uqhube kangcono kwenziwa ngaboHlanga. Okwenza kungagqami ukuthi ngaboHlanga abathuthukise izwe, yiwo amaphumalimi ngoba efuna bakhonze bona njengezithixo. Imithetho kaHulumeni wamaphumalimi wawuwanika amandla okuxhaphaza nokucindezela aboHlanga, maqeda bengatholi ngisho nosiyabonga. Amaphumalimi ayekuqinisekisile ukuthi ubunikazi, ukuphathwa kanye nokulawulwa kwalezi zimboni kungalokuthi kudlulele kwaboHlanga ngoba bazi ukukhalipha kwabo. Kwaku ngumgomo wamaphumalimi ukungamvezeli owoHlanga uma embona ukuthi ukhaliphile, ayencamela ukumenza incelebane, amuphathe kangcono kunabanye kepha ehlale emkhumbuza ukuthi iketango lidonswa ngubani. Uma kungase kuthiwa amaphumalimi kawakhokhele aboHlanga konke akuthatha kubo ngisho namasu okusebenza (intellectual property) kusukela befika eNingizimu Afrika, ungaphela wonke umnotho abanawo behlupheke kuze kukhuze elakithi idlozi.
Namuhla akekho ongazi iNingizimu Afrika ukuthi uma kungase aboHlanga banqume ukungasebenzi isonto lonke, izwe lonke lingaphenduka isikhotha linuke umlotha. AboHlanga nanamuhla yibo abasekhaleni layo yonke intuthuko ezweni kepha okubenza badle imbuya ngothi kungenxa yokuthi ubunikazi, ukuphathwa kanye nokulawulwa kwezimboni nanamuhla akukalungiswa ngendlela yokuthi aboHlanga bayayithola indawo yabo ebafanele. Izikhulu zezinyunyana okufuze zilwele amalungelo aboHlanga ezimbonini, ziphenduka zibe nobudlelwano obungasese nabaphathi bezimboni, lobu buntothoviyane okwenziwa izikhulu ngezinye zezizathu ezenza aboHlanga bazibone bengamelekile ezimbonini. UHulumeni kubalulekile ukuthi abhekane nalesi simo, ashaye imithetho eqonde ukulungisa amaphutha akudala ukuze aboHlanga bezokwazi ukuzibona bengabantu ezweni labo. Kumele aboHlanga bahlangatshezwe nguHulumeni ngayo yonke indlela ukuze ushintsho luzobonakala, ngoba aboHlanga abadli imbuya ngothi ngoba bethanda.
