Ubumqoka, ubungozi nomthelela wepolitiki yamazwe
NAMHLANJE sizoke sibheke ngamafuphi isihloko esibizwa ngokuthi iPolitiki yesimomazwe (Geo-Politics) nokuncikana kwayo nezomnotho kanye nomthelela wayo emazweni omhlaba, nokuthi kusithinta kanjani thina boHlanga empilweni yethu yemihla ngemihla.
Ukuthuthuka komnotho wezwe ngalinye akuncikile nje kuphela emandleni alelo lizwe kumbe ekushayeni imithetho ezolithuthukisa ngisho ngabe mihle kangakanani. Ipolitiki yamazwe lena ichazwa njengesifundo esihambisana nabantu nendawo abahlala kuyo, umthelela wepolitiki yamazwe onke omhlaba kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe lawo.
Kungani kumele abantu ikakhulukazi abangabaholi kupolitiki nakwezomnotho baqonde futhi baqaphele ipolitiki le esikhuluma ngayo yamazwe na? Yingoba lolu hlobo lwepolitiki alufani nepolitiki nje ejwayelekile yezwe kumbe yezindawo. Futhi lusuke lwenziwa ezingeni eliphezulu lokucabanga, kanti futhi lusuke lwenziwa ngezinhloso ezithile ezingafana nokuqhoqhobala amandla ngezindlela ezithile ezahlukene okungabalwa ezomnotho, ubuchwepheshe, ukuqhubeka nengcindezelo yalabo ababevele becindezelwe nokunye. Ukuze siyiqonde kangcono le nhlobo yepolitiki yomhlaba singake sibheke kafushane ngenkululeko yamazwe ase-Afrika.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi i-Afrika yonke ngaphandle mhlawumbe kwezwe lase-Ethiopia ibicindezelwe izizwe ezahlukene zase-Europe. Lokhu kusukela enhlanganisweni yabacindezeli eyenzeka eBerlin ngowe-1884 kuya kowe-1885, ukwabelana kwalaba bacindezeli ngamazwe ase-Afrika kwakuwukudla ifa lama-Afrika kuthi ngokwenzenjalo baqhubeke futhi nokwenza onke la mazwe ase-Afrika akheke ngomfanekiso wawo. Akumangalisi njengalokhu sike sachaza ngaphambilini ukuthi izinhlobo zamazwe athile abizwa ngeFranchophone, okuwukuthi ayecindezelwe amaFulentshi, kanjalo nabizwa nge-Anglophone okuwukuthi ayecindezelwe amaNgisi njalonjalo. Ngisho noma amazwe onke ase-Afrika manje asakhululeka ngokwepolitiki, nokho asalokhu eqhubeka nokuphathwa ababewacindezele ngaphambilini. IsiZulu sithi, ‘Ukuhlehla kwenqama kusuke kusho ukulanda amandla.’ Maqondana nalolu daba lwepolitiki yamazwe, kuyacaca ukuthi alikho izwe elingavuma ukwephucwa iqatha emlonyeni. Kanjalo namazwe abacindezeli awazange athi ngoba esephuciwe amandla izishoshovu zenkululeko yama-Afrika, abesehlala phansi angacabanga elinye isu lokuqhubeka nokucindezela yona belu i-Afrika.
Kwelinye lamaphepha abhalwe nguSolwazi Ó Tuathail nabanye, elisihloko sithi “Ukucabangisisa Kabusha NgePolitiki Yamazwe” (Rethinking Geopolitics) bacacisa kabanzi ngokuthi ukuze sikwazi ukuyiqonda kahle le ndaba yepolitiki yamazwe omhlaba, kumele masibheke, futhi sihlaziye, siphinde sibheke ngeso elibukhali kakhulu iminxa yokusebenza kwezinhlaka ezakhele izwe nokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu-ke kubiza ukucabangisisa okubukhali nokuhlaziya ngendlela eyiyona nxashana izwe libhekene nezinselelo futhi lifuna ukuletha izixazululo eziyizo enhlalweni.
Uma sibheka izinkinga eziningi eNingizimu Afrika nase-Afrika jikelele akumangalisi ukuthi zidalwa yilolu hlelo lwepolitiki esikhuluma ngayo. Umthelela wayo awuzi nje ngobuso, uza isinyelela uvela njengentabaqhwa olwandle okanti isizikithi salo sikhulukazi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lokhu kudalwa yikho njalo ukuzama ukuhlela kabusha umhlaba ngamazwe angosondonzima. Okufike kube yinkiyankiya umchwayo waMamboza, yikho lokhu ukuthi asemaningi amazwe asefunde ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwepolitiki. Ngaphandle nje kwalawo ayizikhondlakhondla njenge-USA, i-Europe namanye, amazwe amancane asuke engenawo umnotho omkhulu wemvelo njenge-Afrika. Asefundile ukukwazi ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo ngokukwazi ukubeletha emazweni azikhondlakhondla kumbe atshale izimboni zawo umhlaba wonke ukubeletha kulolu hlelo lomhlaba wokuhleleka komnotho (globalization) nepolitiki yawo (geo politics)
Amazwe ase-Afrika ayohlale eyisisulu salolu hlelo kuze kuba ukusebenza kwawo kuba nokuqonda la masu namaqhinga asetshenziswa amazwe ayizikhondlakhondla. Uma singabheka la mazwe ayecindezelwe iFrance iqiniso lithi awakayinuki inkululeko ayeyilwela, kwazise asashayelwa imithetho eParis, okuyinhlokodolobha yaseFrance. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho amanzi, nezizinda zezimali zilawulwa phesheya. Nakuyo iNingizimu Afrika ezishaya isifuba ngokuthi ithuthuke kangcono, kuyamangalisa ukuthi lolu hlelo lwepolitiki lushisa phansi. Buka ngoba ngisho ibhange lezwe ingxenye yalo enkulu ilawulwa ngaphandle kwezwe. Konke lokhu kuba nomthelela omkhulu enhlalweni yabantu balelo lizwe nentuthuko yabo. Ngeshwa umthelela awubi muhle ngoba kuzokwazeka ukuthi abaqhoqhobali laba abasuke besebenzisa amasu anobugovu nonya nombango ukuze baqhoqhobale izwe lelo bebe benzela ngisho nezizukulwane zabo. Nxashana kunje, kuye kudingeke ubuholi obuneso elibuka kude libe futhi likwazi ukubuka ngaphakathi liqhathanisa nalokhu okuke kwenzeka ngaphambilini. Kuyadabukisa kwezinye izikhathi ukuthola abaholi benqakulisana ngenkulumo osuke ubona futhi uzwa ukuthi yiphunga nje leli eliphethuka ndawana thizeni, umnyombo walo ukwenye indawo. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi, laba abanqakulisanayo babuye bahluleke ukuzinza ukuze baqonde ukuthi yini eyenza isimo esisuke sikhona ngaleso sikhathi ngale ntambo esuke ibanjiwe yobuxoki.
Nokho akusho ukuthi lolu hlelo lubi kuphela futhi alunabuhle kulo, kwazise omunye wababhali uFoucault uloba ngokusobala ukuthi alubhekelele kuphela izindaba zomhlaba, luphinde futhi lubhekene nokulawula imingcele yamazwe namazwe nabantu abahlala khona. Njengoba lolu hlelo lwepolitiki luqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa selunemixhantela eminingi ethuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Wonke umuntu ongumholi kumele makaqonde lolu hlelo ukuze alawule izinto ngokuqonda.