Luthini uhlahlomali ngaboHlanga?
SELOKHU sangena kuHulumeni wentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika, sekujwayelekile ukuthi isizwe sonke silindele amazwi obuholi nanohlonze avela kuMengameli wezwe maqondana nokuthi nxa uHulumeni obusayo eqhubeka nezinhlelo zakhe zokubusa izwe, kanye nokugcina izethembiso azenzile kulabo abamvotele nesizwe sonke, uzohambisa kanjani unyaka nonyaka.
Akumangalisi ukuthi babili abantu abaye bangene esigcawini bashiyelane inkundla eSishayamthetho sezwe ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Laba kusuke kunguMengameli Wezwe noNgqongoshe asuke embekile ophethe ezezimali. Emuva kwenkulumo enohlonze kaMengameli wezwe uMnumzane uJacob Zuma lapha asuke enza umkhombandlela evezela isizwe indlela esihanjiwe kuxuba nezinye izinto okumele zenzeke, isizwe sonke siye sesilindela enye futhi inkulumo kaNgqongqoshe wezokuphathwa kwezimali okunguMnumzane uPravin Gordhan kulesi sikhathi. Naye njalo belu, usuke elindelwe ngamehlo abomvu isizwe sonke ukuzwa maqondana nesabelomali esisuke sihambisana nomnotho nenqubo mgomo yawo.
INingizimu Afrika njengamanye amazwe omhlaba asathuthuka, ibhekene nengwadla ekukhuliseni umnotho nasekwenzeni ukuba uhlelo lukaHulumeni lwezidingonqangi zifinyelele ebantwini. UMnu uGordhan eqala inkulumo yakhe zingama-24 kuNhlolanja, ukubeke ngokusobala ukuthi njengezwe sibhekene nesimo esinzonzo esizodinga ukuthi ukubambisana kube kukhulu ezinhlakeni zonke ezihlelekile zezwe, lokhu kubandakanya uHulumeni, osomabhinisi, izinyunyana nomphakathi wonke jikelele. Yize emahle la mazwi ekukhuthazeni isizwe ukubambisana emnothweni, akesibheke kancane ukuthi manxa kukhulunywa ngohlahlomali olusuke lubandakanya nezomnotho, ekudidiyeleni okunje aboHlanga babonakala kuphi kulesi simo.
Ukubuyela emumva kancane nje maqondana nesakhiwo sezwe lethu; iNingizumu Afrika ikwazile ukufinyelela esigabeni esisibiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwezepolitiki olubandakanyayo (inclusive political system), lapho kuzwakala izwi ngisho lomuntu oyedwa omele iqeqebana labantu abambalwa abamvotele ePhalamende. Akumangalisie ukuthi nxa ekhuluma lo muntu oyedwa, kuye kubengathithi ulandelwa abaningi abantu laba, akwazi futhi nokuqagulisana nalabo abasuke bebaningi ukudlula yena eyedwa ngokwamavoti. Kepha nxa sikhuluma ngezomnotho nokuphathwa kwawo, iqiniso elimile elithi, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanye, aboHlanga abakafinyeleli ngisho engxenyaneni yezomnotho nokuphathwa kwawo eNingizimu Afrika. Enkulumweni kaNqgonqgoshe Wezezimali ephawula ngohlelo oluzolandelwa ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho wezwe, ekhasini lesibili, esigabeni sesine nesesikhombisa, ukucacisile ukuthi kumele lesi sabelo“ silethe ithemba kubantu abasha kwezoqeqesho nasemathubeni ezomnotho” futhi “siqhubezele phambili uguquko nokuzibandakanya emnothweni kwabobonke abantu.”
Asiqale sivume ukuthi uHulumeni ophethe kuningi okuhle asekwenzile ukuze izimpilo zabantu baseNingizumu Afrika zibengcono. Ngeshwa ukubandakanywa kwabantu bonke nxashana kwabiywa ezezimali kubesengathi sonke siyalingana kwezomnotho kubonakala kungenabo ubulungiswa nxashana sibhekisisa uhlelo lokwakheka komnotho waseNingizimu Afrika olusabandlulula aboHlanga (extractive economic system). Iqiniso elimsulwa lithi umnotho esiwubiza ngokuthi ‘owethu’ akukabi yiwo owethu sonke, umnotho eNingizumu Afrika, kusengumnotho njalo ohambisana nenqubo yobandlululo. Lokhu kufakazelwe omunye wongoti bezokuhleleka kwesimonhlalo yabantu (scenario planner) UMnu uClem Sunter ngenyanga edlule. Ukubandakanyeka kwaboHlanga emnothweni wezwe labo kusazoba ngumqansa omkhulu uma amaqiniso engabekwa obala maqondana nokuthi kungakanani osekwenzekile ukuthuthukisa bona njengabantu abasacindezelekile kumanje ngakwezomnotho bebe bekhululekile kodwa kupolitiki.
Enkulumweni yomunye wongoti kwezomnotho, uPeggy Mcintosh ephepheni alibhalile esihloko salo sithi “White Privilege…” ukhuluma ngelungelo labamhlophe elisezimpandeni nasesiqwini somnotho jikelele. Ukubeka ngokusobala ukuthi, kusazoba yisikhathi eside andukuba abamhlophe bakwamukele ukuthi bazalelwa emafutheni oyisemkhulu, nezisekelo zomnotho zivuna bona ngenxa nje yebala labo elimhlophe. Yize isabelomali singesabantu baseNingizimu Afrika bonke, kumele nokho singakungabazi okwenziwa ubandlululo ukukhiphela ngaphandle aboHlanga ezinhlakeni zonke ezihambisana nomnotho. Lapha sibala amabhange awabalule njengezakhiwo ezenza kahle kakhulu uNgqongqoshe. Umbuzo omkhulu uthi lezi zakhiwo zenzela kahle obani na? Mangakanani amabhizinisi aphethwe aboHlanga asizakele kulezi zigcinamali? Nezinye izigcinamali eziphethwe uHulumeni njengo-IDC, Landbank njalo njalo zenza kahle noma kabi kangakanani ekusizeni aboHlanga. Kuyazeka ukuthi yonke into ehambisana nomnotho ephethwe aboHlanga ithathelwa njengesimo esibucayi okumele ihlolwe kashumi andukuba ithole usizo kuzo zonke lezigcinamali, okanti uma iphethwe ezinye izizwe imali ikhishwa kalula ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Nxa sibhekisisa isabelo mali salo nyaka, ziningi izinto eziphawulwa osomnotho ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uNgqongqoshe ukwazile ukubuyisela ngokwentela imali eyizigidigidi ezi-R5.5 kulabo abahola kancane. Nokho okufike kudide yikho ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye, uye wahlongoza ukufakelwa kwentela entsha eziphuzweni ezinoshukela, amathayi nezinye izintela ezifana nokwenyuka kukaphethilomu, iziphuzo ezidakayo namawayini njalonjalo. Kuyafana lokhu nokupha ngesandla sokudla uphinde uthathe ngesandla sokunxele kubo laba abanikezwe ikhefu ngoba behola kancane. Asivume nokho ukuthi uNgqonqgoshe ubebhekene nesimo esinzima sokuletha uzinzo kwezomnotho wezwe kwazise ukuthi ukukhula kwawo sekuphinde kwakhonjwa ngaphansi kwephesenti (0.9%). Lokhu okwenza kube lukhuni satshe ukufinyelela ezinhlosweni ezinhle zohlelo olubizwa ngeNational Development Plan (NDP). Lolu hlelo phela ludinga ukuthi umnotho mawukhule ngaphezu kwamaphesenti amahlanu ukuze kuzokwazi ukuthi kudaleke amathuba emisebenzi, kulwiswane nendlala kulethwe nokulingana eNingizumu Afrika. Usekwamukelile nokho uHulumeni ukuthi uma ungakhuli umnotho njengalokhu kulindelekile, izinhloso zeNDP angeke zikwazi ukufezeka.
Uma siqhubeka nenkulumo kaMnu uGordhan, uphawule ukuthi, ezintweni ezintathu acele abantu ukuthi baphawule ngazo, ucaphune ukuthi uthole lezi zimpendulo ezilandelayo:
Yikuphi akwenza kahle uHulumeni? Ukuqoqwa kahle kwentela nokukhokhwa kwemali yezibonelelo.
Yikuphi amele angakwenzi? Ukungabheyili izinkampani ezingenzi inzuzo.
Singahlangabezana kanjani nokuletha ukukhula komnotho okudidiyele? Ukuxhasa amabhizinisi amancane nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi ebantwini abasha.
Ezimpendulweni ezitholakele, kweyokuqala kube yiyona phela lena yemali yesibonelelo sikaHulumeni kulabo abantulayo. Lesi yisimo esingenawo neze umthelela omuhle esikhathini eside kwaboHlanga. Unyaka nonyaka ziya ngokukhula izinombolo zabantu abaphila ngesibonelelo semali kaHulumeni. Yize lolu hlelo lwezibonelelo luletha uzinzo ekutheni bakwazi ukwenza izidingonqangi abantu abantulayo, iqiniso nokho lithi:
UHulumeni naye uyazi kahle ukuthi le mali ayimbiywa ndawo, njengoba itholakala kuphela kubantu abangabakhokhintela, abangebaningi nokho,
Ngesikhathi iya ikhuliswa noma kukancane kangakanani unyaka nonyaka babonakala banda abantu abayifunayo le mali ukuze baziphilise bona nemindeni yabo,
Le mali ayisibuyiseli isithunzi saboHlanga ngoba sazi kahle ikakhulukazi ukuthi yibona abaningi abamukeliswa le mali egcina ibenza bafane nezinxibi ezweni labo elinomnotho ongaka.
Umbuzo omkhulu uthi uma kunje siyini isixazululo:
Eminxeni eminingi ayibekile uNgqonqgoshe kuyabonakala ukuthi uzamile nokho ukusebenza ngaphansi kwesimo esinzima ukuletha uzinzo kwezomnotho. Nokho ezezimakethe akubonakali ziyithakasele inkulumo yakhe njengalokhu bekulindelekile. Lokhu kubonakale ngokuthi irandi ebelilindeleke ukuthi lithole amandla, kunalokho liye lantengantenga.
Ethathela enkulumweni kaMengameli wezwe, uNgqongqoshe ukubeke kwacaca kuthi ukukhula komnotho waseNingizumu Afrika kuncike ekukhuleni komnotho wamazwe esihwebelana nawo, okungamazwe omhlaba, okungatholakali enkulumweni yakhe ukubeka ngembaba maqondana nesimo saboHlanga esingakalungi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sezomnotho sabaMhlophe. Ngakho uma kuhlelwa isabelomali sezwe, okungaveli kahle esabelweni sezezimali sikaNgqongqoshe ukuhlelelwa kwaboHlanga maqondana nezomnotho wezindawo lapho behlala khona. Ephawula ngesimo sezimali emhlabeni jikelele, uNgqonqgoshe Gordhan uye wabalula ukuthi “kuyabonakala ukuthi ukukhula ngokushesha kwezomnotho, kuyenzeka emazweni afana naseNdiya athathe izinyathelo ezinqala ngokuhlela kabusha izimiso nezinhlaka zezomnotho ukuze kuvuleke amathuba okuthengiselana, ukukhuthaza amakhono avela ngaphandle, ukuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali emadolobheni, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ezikhuthaza imisebenzi yabantu abaningi kanye nezolimo emazweni ase-Asia namanye ase-Afrika”
Nxa sibheka le nkulumo kaMnu uGorhan ngenhla bese sizibuza ukuthi eNingizimu Africa ibathinta kanjani aboHlanga ekuthathweni kwezinyathelo ezinqala ukuze bathuthukiswe ngezinga eliphezulu, akuvelanga ngokucacile enkulumeni kaNgqongqoshe ukuyigcizelela lenkulumo efaniswe nalamanye amazwe. La kuzinze abantu abaningi okungaboHlanga kuxuba nezindayo zasemalokishini nomnotho wazo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindayo eziqhelile kakhulu namadolobha emakhaya akuveli ukuthi bozahlomula kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kweminotho yabo. Isomiso esithinta ikakhulu iningi labantu abazinze ezindaweni zasemakhaya omnotho wabo wencike kakhulu ekulimeni, yinto ekufanele igcizelelwe kubekwe futhi nemigomo ecacile ukuthi isakhiwo salo mnotho onganakiwe kangaka uzokhuliswa kanjani.
Uma kuzoqhubeka kanje eNigizimu Afrika la isabelo mali singatshengisi indlela ecacile yokuthuthukisa aboHlanga, ikakhulukazi enkulumweni enohlonze nelindelwa ngabavoti baseNingizumo Afrika kangaka, kusazothatha isikhathi ukuthi intuthuko yezomnotho ifike ngokugcwele kwaboHlanga. Ukunyanyalata nxashana kukhulunywa ngezisekelo zomnotho ezimele mazifakwe ukuze intuthuko yangempela ibekhona yiyo into ezokwenza bungafikiubulungiswa lenkululeko ebekufanele mayibulethe kwaboHlanga.
Ngakho bekubalulekile ukuba izinto zibekwe obala njengoba zinjalo maqondana nesimo saboHlanga. Njengalokhu ngike ngabeka isibonelo kwezepolitiki, uma ubheka ezomnotho nezezimali, lesi sabelo kwaboHlanga bekungakuhle ukuthi nxa uNgqonqgoshe esekhuluma ngezomnotho akugcizelele ukuthi kulemigomo esithathiwe kanye nezinhlelo ezinhle ezifana nabo Black Industrialist Programme zizosekelwa ngokukhulu ukushesha njengoba kwenziwa kwizimboni ezizimele eziholwa abamhlophe. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi iminyango kaHulumeni efana neyezokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, iDTI, ifaka izigidigidi zamarandi ezibonelelweni zamahhala zokusiza ukuthi lezi nkampani zingawi futhi ziqhubeke nokudala amathuba amaningi emisebenzi. Lokhu sikubona embonini yezimoto, kwezobuchwepheshe njalonjalo ezihlala zithola usizo nokubonelelwa uHulumeni la kusedingo khona.
Uma kuhlahlelwa isabelo sidinga ukukuzwa lokhu kubekwa obala ukuthi labo abavele bethuthukile okungabamhlophe uHulumeni usebasize kangakanani ngezibonelelo zokuthi baqhube ukwandisa amathuba emisebenzi. Bese futhi siqonda kahle ukuthi bangakanani aboHlanga asebesiziwe kulesi sikhwama sikaMhloniswa uGordhan. Lokhu ngikusho ngoba inkulumo kaMengameli isuke ibheka izwe lonke jikelele nokuphathwa kwalo (State of the Nation) lena ke kaNgqongqoshe kumele ibheke ezomnotho ngokungahlonizi (State of Economy) ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha umnotho ozophathwa ngaboHlanga okuyibo abasasilele emuva ezweni labo. Lokhu sikuzwile emavikini endlule lapho yena uMengameli wezwe ehlangene nabaholi bezinkampani eziholwa aboHlanga ekubeke kwacaca ukuthi manje yisikhathi sokuba aboHlanga bahole umnotho ezweni laseNingizimu Afrika.
Nokho asithembe ukuthi uma oNgqongqoshe sebebeka indlela nabo abazosebenza ngayo ngesabelo abasinikiwe esikhwameni esikhulu, bayokwazi ukucacisa mhlawumbe kangcono maqondana nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi eyenziwa aboHlanga. Okumele nabo-ke aboHlanga bazibandakanye ekwakheni umnotho bazihlele kahle ngokwezinhlaka ezizoletha izwi elinesisindo kuHulumeni wabo, ukuze uguquko lwenzeke ngokushesha.
