IThala lixhasa amaShayina ngoba nawo emnyama
Mukhulu umonakalo ongadaleka kosomabhizinisi abamnyama uma bengaxhaswa ngokufanele yizikhungo abathembele kuzo
ISITALADI esikhulukazi enkabeni yedolobha iTheku uPixley kaSeme nowawaziwa ngokuthi nguWest Street sinomlando omude. Ngaphandle kwamagama abantu nesesiqanjwe ngabo lesi sitaladi singubuso nenhliziyo yedolobha. Kukulesi sitaladi lapho nothawunihholo ukhona, ongathi nxa uthanda uthi yi‘phalamende’ likaMasipala weTheku. UPixley kaSeme uhlale uphithiza , kusuka ezithuthini kuya kubantu abahamba khona nokuzosenza indawo enhle kulabo abahweba ngamabhizinisi anhlobonhlobo.
Ezikhathini ezedlule zombuso wobandlululo kwakukhona into eqaphelekayo ngalesi sitaladi. Lokhu kwakuwukuthi kusuka ekuqaleni kwaso kuze kuye ekugcineni izakhiwo zakhona zazingezamabhizinisi abelungu kuthi aboHlanga bona bancike ezitaladini lapho babedayisa khona izinto ezincane nje ezifana nogwayi, amaphephandaba nokunye nakho okwenzeke kakhulu ngesikhathi sesithamba isandla sikahulumeni wobandlululo.
Ngonyaka wezi-2015 ubuso balesi sitaladi buyaguquka ngoba ekungeneni kwaso usubona ukwenaba kwamabhizini amaShayina. Yize singakaqedwa kepha kukhona isakhiwo esisha esizokwaziwa ngokuthi yiNew Xin Hua Centre. Esimweni esejwayelekile lokhu kumele kube yinto enhle nencomekayo ngoba kusho ‘uguquko’ ebunikazini bezindawo kulesi sitaladi kanye naseMkhandlwini weTheku jikelele.
Nokho kukhona ukungenami ngale ntuthuko eyenzakalayo, lokhu kuthinta imithetho kanjalo nomlando waleli lizwe. Isakhiwo lesi iNew Xin Hua Centre okuyibhizinisi lamaShayina lixhaswe yisikhungo se-Ithala Development Finance Corporation Limited (Ithala). Lesi sikhungo sasakhelwe ukuqinisekisa intuthuko kanye nokuxhasa imiphakathi yalabo ababengawatholi amathuba ngezikhathi zobandlululo kwaZulu-Natal nokuyinto engakaguquki emibhalweni nasezinhlosweni zaso.
Ukuxhaswa kweNew Xin Hua Centre sekuvuse imibuzo yokuthi ngabe iThala lisenza ngakho yini kwazise iningi losomabhizinisi boHlanga basakhala ngokuthi lesi sikhungo sabashiya okhalweni ngesikhathi abanye babo belahlekelwa ngamabhizinisi abo ngezikhathi zodlame. Lapha kubalwa izitolo kanye nempahla.
UMnu uThobelani Mkhize onguSihlalo weMbumba Empowerment Business Group okuyinhlangano yosomabhizinisi abamele aboHlanga kanye noMnu uZwe Sangweni weMazibuye African Forum bakhwele badilika kubaphathi beThala ngokuxhasa amabhizinisi amaShayina ngoba kuthiwa amnyama.
“Uma kungukuthi ngempela umgomo webhange iThala ukuxhasa ngezimali amabhizinisi abantu ababecindezelwe KwaZulu-Natal asilibone phela lixhasa osomabhizinisi abaningi boHlanga abasafufusa. Phela yibona ababecindezelwe futhi bekhishwe inyumbazana kwezomnotho. Ngakho asikwazi ukulinganiswa namaShayina namaNdiya ngoba asilingani ngakwezomnotho nalezi zizwe,’’ kusho uMnu uSangweni.
UMnu uSangweni uqhubeke wathi naye useke waziyela mathupha wabuza kuloyo obhekelele ukuxhasa kwezakhiwo kuThala, uMnu uNhlangulela. “Uma ngimbuza ngokuxhaswa kwamaShayina namaNdiya abohlanga bengaxhaswa, uMnu uNhlangulela wathi bona njengeThala abakhethi bala lamuntu. Wathi iminyango yabo isavuliwe, nosomabhizinisi boHlanga abasafufusa kanye nalabo abashiselwa izitolo bangawaletha amabusiness-plan abo bazoluthola usizo.”
Nokho le nkulumo iyaphikisana nenkulumo yabanye bosomabhizinisi boHlanga. Ngonyaka owedlule iBAYEDE yabika ngodaba oluthinta umfelandawonye (cooperative) waseMlazi obizwa ngeSiyabonga Warehouse CC (SWC) abakhala ngokuthi abalutholanga uxhaso lwemali eyizigidi ezili-R10 ababezethenjiswe yiThala. Lesi kwakungesona isikhalo esisodwa ngoba iningi losomabhizinisi leli phephandaba elakhuluma nabo likhala esifanayo ngoba lithi labhujiselwa izitolo zalo ngomlilo kepha uxhaso kabalutholi nakulo iThala.
Echaza oshicilelweni olwedlule loyo onguSihlalo weSWC, uMnu uSimon Madlala uthi sekuphele iminyaka belinde imali ababethenjiswe yona yiThala. UMnu uMkhize yena uthe uhulumeni kuzomele awuqede lo mthetho wokuthi amaShayina amnyama lapha eNingizimu Afrika. “Awakaze acindezelwe nguhulumeni wobandlululo kodwa ngabantu abamnyama ababecindezelwe,’’ kusho uMnu uMkhize.
Okhulumela iThala, uMnu uThemba Mathe esitatimendeni asithumele uyakuqinisekisa ukuthi umgomo weThala ukuthuthukisa nokuxhasa leyo miphakathi eyayibandlululiwe ngaphambilini KwaZulu-Natal. Uphinde wakugcizelela ukuthi amaShayina ngokomthetho wezwe bangena ngaphansi kohlelo lweBEE ngoba nabo bathathwa ngokuthi bamnyama. “Ngaleyo ndlela angena ngaphansi kwale nqubomgomo yokuthuthukiswa kwalabo ababebandlululiwe,’’ kusho uMathe.
Esitatimemdeni uMnu uMathe uqhube wathi iThala lisaxhase isakhiwo esisodwa samaShayisa iNew Xin Hua Centre esisesitaladini seTheku uPixley kaSeme. “Ukuxhaswa kwalesi sakhiwo samaShayina kungaphansi kohlelo lweSME (okuwuhlelo losomabhizinisi abasafufusa),’’ kuqhuba isitatimende.
AbeThala bale baphetha ukudalula ukuthi ngabe le nkampani yamaShayina ixhaswe ngamalini nabathe lokhu kuyimfihlo yekhasimende.
Enkabeni yeTheku nje lilodwa, abomdabu baseChina banenxanxathela yezitolo ezimbili. Esisodwa esisanda kwakhiwa iNew Xin Hua Centre ekuPixley kaSeme Street, kanye neChina City eyabhaliswa ngowezi-2002 kuleli, yadla iThe Wheel emnyakeni emibalwa edlule eThekwini ephahlwe imigwaqo uGillispie Road noMahatma Gandhi Road (Point Road).
Lezi zitolo ngaphakathi zigcwele imikhiqizo yaseChina, okuyizimpahla, ubuchwepheshe obunjengamaselula, imishini yokugunda, amathoyizi kanye nezinto zasekhishini. Esinye salezi zitolo yiDurban Wholesale China City, ephakela izitolo ezincane eThekwini izimpahla ngamanani aphansi. IYo Yo Factory Shop nayo yenza okufanayo kodwa ibuye idayisele nabathengi abajwayelekile. KuYusuf Dadoo Road kuneNu-Shop eyabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngowe-1949, ephinde itholakale nakuPixley kaSeme Street.
Nyakenye uMengameli uJacob Zuma ohambweni lwakhe eyosayinda izivivumelwano neChina wathi ibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuleni komnotho wakuleli.
“IChina isitshale imali elinganiselwa ezigidigidini ezili-R120 kuleli ngamabhizinisi kahulumeni angaphezulu kwe-100 kanye nasezinkampanini ezizimele,” washo kanje.
Waqhuba wathi ngonyaka wezi-2013 nje uwodwa, izinkampani ezili-130 zaqala amabhizinisi kuleli ezinye zatshala imali.
Indaba isegameni hhayi ibala
ABOHLANGA kuleli maningi amagama kanye nezici asebeke babizwa ngakho. Amanye ala magama yize ayengasho okutheni kubo, kepha kulabo ababewasho kwakunenhloso eyodwa okwakuwukwehlisa isithunzi. Elinye lala magama yileli lokuthi aboHlanga bangabantu abamnyama. Leli gama yize selagcina lamukelekile lalisetshenziswa ngabacindezeli ukwehlukanisa bona kanye naboHlanga. Ngezikhathi zobandlululo kwakukhona nemithetho eyashayelwa ukuhlukanisa aboHlanga nalabo okuthiwa bamhlophe. Le mithetho yayingagcini nje kuphela ekwaluseni ukuthi aboHlanga kabalenzi iphutha lokuhlala ezindaweni ezithize kepha ngayo le mithetho beluswa ukuba bathandane nobani nokuthi bawachithephi amanzi. Lezi kwakuyizikhathi ezinzima, kuwumthwalo owawungafiswa muntu ongahlonzwanga ngokuthi umnyama. Lobu bunzima ubuzwa bulandwa yibo abohlanga lapho becula izingoma ezifana nethi Inja Emnyama Idonswa Ngeketanga, aboHlanga bengagcini nje ngokunqatshelwa ilungelo lokuvota kepha babenqatshelwa nelungelo lokuhweba okwakubenza bangabi yingxenye yomnotho wezwe.
Ngonyaka we-1994 konke lokhu kwaguquka lapho ibala elimnyama noma ukuthi umuntu omnyama kwaqala kwaba nezithelo ikakhulukazi uma kufikwa kwezamabhizinisi. Uhulumeni oholwa yibo aboHlanga waqhamuka nezinhlelo zezomnotho ezazihlose ukufukula aboHlanga. Olunye lwalezi zinhlelo kwakuyiBlack Economic Empowerment (BEE). Lolu hlelo yize lunezinhloso ezinhle muningi umkhonyovu osubikiwe ngalo kusuka lapho aboHlanga besetshenziswa ngosomabhizinisi bezinye izinhlanga ukuze bakwazi ukuzuza ngalolu hlelo. Esikhathini esiphambili KwaZulu-Natal kuke kwaba nomdonsiswano phakathi kwaboHlanga kanye nezinye izinhlanga okwasekubonakala zizuza ngoba nazo sekuthiwa “ zimnyama’.
Ngokomthetho oqoshiwe kahulumeni ohambisana nohlelo lweBEE, amaNdiya namaShayina athathwa njengabantu abamnyama nokwenza nabo babe nelungelo elifanayo naboHlanga nxa kuyiwa ngasekuthuthukisweni komnotho. Isinqumo sikahulumeni wakuleli sincike emlandweni othi amaNdiya kanye namaShayina afika kanjani kuleli. AmaNdiya afika njengezigqila ezazihlakula izimoba ngonyaka we-1860 etheleka ngomkhumbi iTruro. Imindeni yokuqala eyafika kuleli ngeyezibongo zakwaSingh kanye nabakwaLalaram nokwabe sekulandela eminye imindeni eyayivela ezindaweni ezifana nakoGujarat naseRajasthan e-India. Namuhla idolobhakazi laseThekwini liyindawo enamaNdiya amaningi eSub-Sahara engaphandle kwase-India.
AmaShayina nawo anowawo umlando ngoba njengamaNdiya afudukela eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1870, esuka eGuangdong eNingizimu yeChina. Bafika kuleli bekhululekile befuna ukwenza imali ngokushesha bese bebuyela eChina. Ngonyaka we-1990 kwaphinda kwafika elinye iqembu lamaShayina kuleli, ngenxa yokusimama kwezimboni. Iningi lawo ayedabuka eTaiwan naseHong Kong. Afika engosomabhizinisi ezoqala izimboni zokuhwebelana, izindawo zokudla, namanye amabhizinisi amancane kanti abanye bazela imfundo. Ngonyaka we-1994 ayesebalelwa kuma-300 amabhizinisi amaShayina kuleli nezinye izinkulungwane zamaShayina zazifunda kuleli.
Isibalo esincane samaShayina, esibalelwa ngaphezulu kuka-300 000, kuleli sivela kulawo afika ezosebenza njengabavukuzi ezimayini zaseGoli ngasekupheleni konyakakhulu we-19. Ezinye zalezo zisebenzi zabuyiselwa emuva, kodwa kunenye inqwaba eyasala. AmaShayina ngonyaka we-1980 ayebalelwa ku-10 000, kodwa ngonyaka wezi-2000 ayesebalelwa ngaphezulu kuka-100 000.
Ukufika kwamaShayina kuleli kwadalela uhulumeni wobandlululo inkinga njengoba ayeze ngokuzosebenza, nokwaholela ekutheni angabonwa njengabantu abamhlophe. Njengabantu abamnyama amaShayina ayengavumelekile ukuhlala ezindaweni ezithize, ukuthola imfundo yabamhlophe, ukuvota, kanye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Ngonyaka we-1984 nokho izinto zaguquka kancane njengoba amaShayina athola ilungelo lokubonwa njengabantu abamhlophe, njengalabo abadabuka eJapan. Baqala ukuvunyelwa ukuhlala kunoma yikuphi, kodwa babengakavunyelwa ukuthi bavote. Ngasekupheleni konyaka wezi-2006, iChinese Association of South Africa yafaka isicelo sokuthi abaseShayina nabo babonwe njengabantu ababencishwe amathuba ngezikhathi zobandlululo.
Bacela ukuba nabo bafakwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokuthuthukisa abantu abamnyama iBlack Economic Empowerment (BEE). Inkinga ngalesi sicelo kwaba yisibalo sabomdabu baseChina abafika kuleli lungasekho ubandlululo. Ngenxa yokuthi amaShayina ayengathwele kanzima njengabantu abamnyama ngezikhathi zobandlululo, kwaba nenkulumompikiswano ngokuthi kumele yini banikezwe iBEE. Nakuba kunjalo, ngowezi-2008 kwadluliswa umthetho wokuthi amaShayina anobuzwe baseNingizimu Afrika yilawo afika kuleli ngaphambi kowe-1994, abonwe njengabantu ababencishwe amathuba ngaphambilini, bangena ngaphansi kohlelo lweBEE.
Umthetho kahulumeni owamukela amaShayina namaNdiya njengabantu abamnyama ungahumusheka ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala uthi ukuba mnyama lokhu akubona ubuzwe umuntu angazigqaja ngabo ngoba isibonelo ukuba mnyama kwamaShayina kugcina emigceleni yakuleli. Ngeke nje iShayina lithi uma liseHong Kong beselithi limnyama. Okwesibili lokhu kungahumusheka ngokuthi ubumnyama lobu bulunjaniswa nobubha negcindezelo. Lapha umbuzo ungathi nxa sekulungile ngokwezinga lempilo ube usuwebuza yini ungabe usaba mnyama? Akukho ukungabaza ekutheni lapha uhulumeni wayehlose ukulungisa isimo esithize, okubukeka kuyilishwa wukuthi noma ngabe wenzani ngalolu daba uhulumeni uzogxekwa. Njengelungu leBRICS izwe laseNdiya nelaseChina, elakuleli ngeke lilokothe lisho okuphikisanayo nemigomo yeBRICS ethi la mazwe i-India neChina angabalingani kanti futhi umzabalazo wabo wezomnotho uyefana. Ungakaguquki umthetho mhlawumbe nezizathu ezenza uze uphasiswe, aboHlanga kuyomele bamukele ukuthi kababodwa ekubeni mnyama, bakhona nabanye.