Umlando nesimo samazwe angomekhelwano akuleli iBotswana ne-Eswatini
IBotswana iyizwe elise-Afrika eseningizimu enhla neNingizimu Afrika eliwumhlaba ovulekile elingenalo ulwandle. Leli yizwe elinomlando ngamapaki alo okwenza lithandwe kakhulu ngabavakashi. Ngaphambi kokwaziwa ngeBotswana yayibizwa ngeBechuanaland iyikoloni yaseBritain.
Yathola inkululeko ngonyaka we-1966 kwaqokwa uSir Seretse Khama njengoMengameli wokuqala waphatha kwaze kwaba ngunyaka we-1980 ashona ngawo. UHulumeni kaMengameli uMasisi unezinhlelo zokungalandeli okuningi okwakwenziwa uMengameli omdala u-Ian Khama, kepha unezinhlelo zokuguqula izinto ungagxili ekumbiweni kwedayimane kuphela, ugqugquzele nolunye uhlobo lwezimayini.
Njengoba amazwe amaningi ezobamba ukhetho kulo nyaka kuhlanganisa namanye ase-Afrika, iBotswana isazolinda kuze kube unyaka wezi-2024. Lokho kuzonika uMengameli uMokgweetsi Masisi isikhathi esanele sokuzihlela nokufeza okuningi okuseqhulwini lwezinhlelo zakhe. UHulumeni wakhe ozinze ekomkhulu eGaborone unezinhlelo zokugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho ngezindlela ezahlukene, lokho kuzoguqula iBotswana, kungabi nje izwe eligabe ngezimbiwa nokungamagugu kuphela, kodwa kube yizwe labantu abanobuhlakani nokuqonda ezomnotho. Inhloso yalokhu ukuthi kushaye unyaka wezi-2036 libe selikhule kakhulu kwezomnotho.
Ukungaboni ngasolinye phakathi kukaMasisi noKhama kubukeka kunomthelela ekungahambini kahle kwezinto kuhulumeni. Ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule, inkantolo yaseBotswana yachitha icala lesisebenzi esiyingcithabuchopho esasibeka uKhama izinsolo zokuthi weba izigidigidi ezili-$10 wemali kaHulumeni. Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi ubufakazi bungamanga futhi buyitulo nje elakhiwe ukudicilela phansi isithunzi sikaKhama. Isinqumo senkantolo sasilimaza kakhulu isithunzi sikaHulumeni kaMasisi. UKhama oseyilungu leqembu elaqembuka iBotswana Patriotic Front, usekudingisweni. Waveza ukuthi usabela ukuphepha kwakhe eBotswana futhi ubona nokuthi uHulumeni ungamfaka ejele noma abulawe uma ebuyela ekhaya.
Isimo sezepolitiki
Iqembu iBotswana Democratic Party (BDP) noHulumeni ophethe abazibekile phansi bamfuna ngazindlela zonke uKhama nalabo abahambisana naye. Muva nje kuboshwe owayenguMqondisi Wezobunhloli Nokuphepha u-Isaac Kgosi ngamacala ezibhamu ok waba yizinkomba zokuthi kukhona okunuka santungwana ngokuvukelwa kombuso. Amaqembu aphikisayo nabaholi bawo bebelokhu begxeka ezobunhloli nezingede zabo ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMasisi bethi azikwazi ukubheka okwenzakalayo ezweni futhi zizifake ezindabeni zangasese zabantu baseBotswana.
Abangaphakathi eqenjini bathi ukungahoshelani phakathi kukaKhama noMasisi kuhlukanisa phakathi iqembu iBotswana Democratic Party. Kuvela izindaba zokuthi uMasisi ubhekene ngeziqu zamehlo noMpho Balopi, okuthiwa usondelene kakhulu noKhama. Lokhu kuhlukana kungacishe kuvele obala okhethweni lweqembu lokuqokwa kukamengameli omusha makhathaleni nonyaka. Iqembu elikhulu kwaphikisayo ngeliholwa uDuma Boko, i-Umbrella for Democratic Change. EPhalamende linezihlalo ezili-15 kwezingama-65. Iqembu elidla ndawonye nalo iBotswana National Front elingabonakali litinyela kuMengameli uMasisi ngenxa yokuthi kwayilona likhungethwe yizinkinga zangaphakathi.
Umnothi waseBotswana oncike kakhulu kwidayimane ulokhu wehla wenyuka, kanti ngonyaka wezi-2020 kuke kwaba nokwehla kakhulu kwamandla omnotho ngenxa yokwehla kokuthengwa kwedayimanekodwa izinto zashintsha ngonyaka wezi-2021. Isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi ngowezi-2021 sasimi kuma-24% ngasekuqaleni konyaka-lesi kwaba yisibalo esikhulu kuleli lizwe eminyakeni eminingi.
Kusuka ngoMasingana kuya kuMandulo wezi-2021 iDebswana okuyinhlanganisela ephethwe ngokulinganayo uhulumeni waseBotswana neDe Beers yaseNingizimu Afrika yakhipha izibalo zayo ezaveza ukuthi yenza inzuzo eli-$2.6 billion okwakhula ngama ngama-73% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngowezi-2020. Le nzuzo yadalwa idayimane elalithunyelwa emazweni angaphandle.
Ukhuvethe nomnotho eBotswana
IBotswana nayo ayisalanga ngaphandle emazweni amaningi omhlaba akhahlamezeke kakhulu ngenxa yobhubhane ukhuvethe. Ezokuvakasha yizo ezishayeke kakhulu, okuphoqe ukuthi uhulumeni anikeze usizo ezinkampanini ezi-5 432 ezisemkhakheni wezimayini ukuze zikwazi ukuqhubeka nokukhokhela abasebenzi ziqhubeke nokusebenza.
Noma kukhona ukwehlukana, kodwa ezokumbiwa yizona eziletha kakhulu abatshalizimali. Inkampani iVision Ridge Investments ithumele ngaphandle isukansimbi layo lokuqala ngoLwezi wezi-2021 isuka emayini yayo i-Ikongwe.
Le nkampani isizibekele ukukhiqiza amathani ayisigidi ngonyaka. Kukhona konke okwenzakalayo kunokukhala nguhulumeni kaMasisi ngokuthi akabashayi ndiva abayizishoshovu zokongiwa kwemvelo njengoba eqhubeka nezinhlelo zamalahle. Inkampani yaseNdiya iJindal Steel kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukwakha imayini yayo njengoba kuqala unyaka wezi-2022.
Uma le mayini isisebenza izokwazi ukukhiqiza amathani ama-4.5 ngonyaka azothunyelwa emazweni angaphandle nasezimbonini zangaphakathi ezweni. Kuwo lo nyaka uHulumeni kulimdeleke ukuthi amemezele inkampani ezdla umsebenzi ngethenda yokwakha isiphehli sikagesiesizoba ama-300MW.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo iShumba Renewables iqoqa imali yokwakha isiphehli esizosebenza ngesolar eningizimu yenyakatho yezwe esizokhiqiza ama-100MW. Okunye okubonakala kulekelele kakhulu iBotswana ukuthi isuswe ohlwini lwamazwe angaphansi kweFinancial Action Task Force, okungamazwe angenazo izindlela ezibambekayo zokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwemali nobushokobezi kwezezimali.
