Impi yamatomu eMiddle East, ayikho evuma ukugoba uphondo
Amazwe aseMiddle East asehlulekile ukuthi awahoshelani. Ngaphambilini lawa mazwe ayekhombisa ukubambisana ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo sokuqala salokhu kubambisana senzeka zingama-22 kuNdasa kowe-1945 lapho khona i-Egypt, i-Iraq, iTransjordan eseyaba iJordan, iLebanon, iSaudi Arabia neSyria behlanganela ukwakha inhlangano i-Arab League ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa umnotho, ukuxazulula izinkinga phakathi kwalawa mazwe nokwakha umbutho wezempi ozokwazi ukumelana ne-United States of America ne-Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Kwaphinda ngowe-1958 i-Egypt neSyria bahlangana bakha izwe elilodwa i-United Arab Republic (UAR) ukuze kuzoketulwa i-Israel eyayigwamande umhlaba wePalestine. Ngowe-1971 uMengameli waseLibya uMuammar Gaddafi wazama ukuhlanganisa iLibya, i-Egypt neSyria ngaphansi kwegama iFederation of Arab Republics (FAR) ngenhloso yokulwisa i-Israel nokho okwagcina kungenzekanga.
Intshisekela yokufakana amatomu yaqala ukugqama ngowe-1980 ngesikhathi i-Iraq, ivunwa iSaudi Arabia ne-USA, ihlasela i-Iran. Inhloso yalokhu kuhlasela kwakuwukwephuca i-Iran isiqhingi esicebe ngowoyela iKhuzestan okuyiso esasondla umnotho kanye nombutho wezempi kuleli lizwe. Ngowe-1981 iSaudi Arabia, i-United Arab Emirates (UAE), iQatar, i-Oman, iKuwait neBahrain bahlangana bakha umbimbi lokunqanda ukukhula nokusebenzisana kwe-Iran, iLebanon, neSyria ngokuhwebelana nangokombutho wezempi. Lolu mbimbi lwazala inhlangano iGulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Ngowe-1990 i-Iraq yahlasela iKuwait ngenhloso yokuvimba ukuthi ingasetshenziswa i-USA ukuyihlasela nokuyiphoqa ukuthi uma ingenelela kule mpi ibe sohlangothini lwayo. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu yayiphuca yonke imiphongolo kawoyela.
Nanamuhla umdlalo wokufakana amatomu usayilawula ipolitiki yaseMiddle East. UNdunankulu wakwa-Israel uBenjamin Netanyahu ukuhlonzile ukuthi izwe lakhe lizondelwa ukuqhwaga umhlaba wePalestine. Asekwenzile ukumboza lesi silonda ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano bakhe ne-USA ukuze adobe iSaudi Arabia, i-Egypt, iMorocco, iTunisia, i-UAE, iBahrain ne-Oman. Ukufezekisa leli qhinga i-USA iziziba zonke izinsolo ngalawa mazwe zokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukufukamela amavukelambuso, kanye nokuvula izikhungo zokucwaninga ngokusebenza kwezikhali nobuchwepheshe benuzi. Ngalokhu uNetanyahu usewasontile lawa mazwe ukuthi akhohlwe ngokubuyiswa komhlaba wePalestine okuyinto okungayishiya i-Israel ineqeqebana lomhlaba nokuthi lawa mazwe acijise imikhonto ecijisela iLebanon, iSyria, i-Iran, nesizwe samaKurds esizinze e-Iraq. Ngaphansi kukaMengameli uRecep Tayyip Erdogan iTurkey ikhomba intshisekelo enkulu yokulawula isimo eMiddle East. Leli lizwe lisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuphazamisa izinhlelo ze-USA, i-Israel neSaudi Arabia zokuqhwakela kulesi siqhingi. Ukuhlaselwa kweSyria ngamavukelambuso i-Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) elibuye laziwe ngamagama i-ISIS okanye iDaesh kwangowezi-2011 kwayipha ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuzibonakalisa kuTurkey. Kulokhu kuhlaselwa leli lizwe lasheshe lakhetha uhlangothi lukaMengameli uBashar al-Assad amazwe afana ne-Israel, iQatar ne-USA ayefuna akugudluke. Ngokusebenzisana neRussia, i-Iran neHezbollah leli lizwe lakwazi ukuguqula isimo eSyria laphuma phambili empini ne-ISIL okumanje igcwele zonke izinkalo iyabaleka. Leli lizwe seligamanxile nasembangweni wePalestine ne-Israel. Kanti emdonsiswaneni wakamuva weQatar neGCC leli lizwe lasheshe lakhetha uhlangothi lweQatar okungezinye zezizathu ezibangele ukuthi iGCC ize icele umaluju kuQatar. ITurkey ibonakala inenqubomgomo yokuthi akukho okuzokwenzeka eMiddle East ngaphandle kwayo futhi konke kuzokwenzeka ngokuthanda kwayo. Okwamanje izimbangi ezifana neSaudi Arabia, i-Israel ne-USA zisehluleka ukuyinqinda amandla. INkosanandlalifa yaseSaudi Arabia uMohammed bin Salman nayo ayizibekile phansi. Le Nkosana ilungiselela ukuthatha amandla ombuso kuleli lizwe kanti ibonakala inentshisekela enkulu yokwakha isithombe sobuqhwaga ngeSaudi Arabia. Ngaphambi kokuketulwa kweNkosi uMohammad Reza Pahlavi e-Iran, leli lizwe lalaziwa njengekomkhulu lenkolo yamaSulumane kwazise ligabe ngeMecca neMedina okuyizindawo eziwumgogodla wenkolo yobuSulumane. Inkolo ibalulekile kwawaseMiddle East okungakho iSaudi Arabia ingakuthandi ukuthi i-Iran isibukwa njengezwe eliqolo enkolweni yobuSulumane okwedlula yona. UBin Salman ufuna ukubuyisa lesi sigqi esalahleka ngokuzama ukucindezela i-Iran kanye namazwe adlelana nayo okungakho neQatar yazithola isisenkingeni ngokusondelana nayo okwaze kwaholela kubukhonyovu phakathi kweSaudi Arabia ne-UAE ukuzama ukuyihlwitha ucu eyalinikwa iFédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) lokusingatha indebe yomhlaba ngowezi-2022. I-Iran isebenzisa usizi lwasePalestine ukuqhwakela eMiddle East kwazise yiyo ehlinzeka iHamas, iHezbollah nesizwe samaHouthi eYemen ngezikhali zempi ukulwa neSaudi Arabia, i-Israel ne-Egypt. Indlu yakwa-Al Thani nayo ayimsulwa ekuzameni ukubeka iQatar esicongweni eMiddle East. Amazwe anayo kuGCC ayisola ukuwafaka amatomu ngesinyenyela ngokufukamela amavukela mbuso, ukupequlula amahlazo awo ngokusebenzisa i-Al Jazeera, ukuzisondeza ne-Iran ekubeni ngowezi-2014 kwavunyelwana ukuthi leli lizwe lizokhishwa inyumbazane, kanye nokwakha umbimbi namazwe asentshonalanga ukuzama ukwenza kuwona lokhu elakwenza kuGaddafi ngowezi-2011 ukumketula nokumbulala. Impi yamatomu idla lubi eMiddle East kanti sezize zacijiselana imikhonto ngoba zibona ukuthi ayikho efuna ukugoba uphondo.