Ingcabha isele neBritain kulandela iBrexit
Emuva kweminyaka eyevile kwemine iBritain yafaka isaziso sokuhoxa enhlanganweni yamazwe ase-Europe i-European Union (EU), lezi zinhlaka zigcine zisishicilele isivumelwano sohwebo nezokuvikela.
Lesi sivumelwano kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekusaseni lalezi zinhlaka zombili. Lesi sivumelwano siqinisekisa ukuthi akuzokuba khona ukukalwa kwenani lezimpahla okungashintshiswana ngazo phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka siphinde siqinisekise ukuthi kulezi zimpahla akuzukuba khona ntela.
Lokhu kwenzeka nje iBritain yasifaka mhla zingama-23 kuNhlangulana kowezi-2016 isaziso sokuhoxa ku-EU. Ukuhoxa kweBritain kule nhlangano besekube nezisulu ezimbili zoNdunankulu. Zingama-24 kuNhlangulana kowezi-2016 uMnu uDavid Cameron wesula kwesobuNdunankulu emuva kokuthi isiphakamiso sakhe sokuthi iBritain iqhubeke nobulungu ku-EU sehluliwe.
UCameron wayenethemba elikhulu lokuthi isiphakamiso sakhe sizophuma phambili okungakho waze wathembisa ukuthi uma sihlulwa ozokwesula. Zingama-23 kuNhlangulana kowezi-2016 kwenzeka ayengakulindele isiphakamiso sakhe sakhala ngaphansi okwamfakela ingcindezi yokuthi ehle esikhundleni. Lokhu kwavulela indlela uNkk uTheresa May owayengabanye ababehamba phambili esiphakamisweni sokuphuma ku-EU.
Ngenxa yokuhlukana phakathi kwePhalamende, zonke iziphakamiso zokuhoxa zikaNkk uMay zehluleka ukuthola ukwesekwa okwanele ukuze ziyoxoxwa ne-EU. Okwamdonsela amanzi ngomsele kakhulu uNkk uMay kwaba ukufuna iBritain iqede bonke ubudlelwano ne-EU lokhu okwakungadala ukuthi kube khona intela nokukalwa kwenani lempahla okungahwebelwana ngalo phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka.
Iningi lamalungu ePhalamende ayefuna i-EU ingashiywa kube sengathi kuxatshenwe kodwa ishiywe ngendlela enikeza isikhala kuBritain ukuthi ikwazi ukusebenzisana nale nhlangano.
Lokhu kwamuphoqa uNkk uMay ukuthi asebenzise umthetho i-Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty efaka ingcindezi yokuthatha isinqumo ePhalamende ingakapheli iminyaka emibili. Lokhu kwakubeka ngokusobala ukuthi kuphakathi kokuthi kuzophuma phambili isiphakamiso sikaNkk uMay noma yena uqobo ozophuma esikhundleni. Nebala zingama-24 kuNhlangulana wezi-2019 uNkk uMay wesula kwesobuNdunankulu. Lokhu kwavulela uMnu uBoris Johnson ongena kulesi sikhundla nje ingoba edle umhlanganiso eqenjini lakhe iConservative Party ehlula uMnu uJeremy Hunt ngamavoti angama-66%. UJohnson amatomu wawafaka kuKhabhinethi njengoba aqoka kuphela labo ababeseka isiphakamiso sokushiya i-EU.
Alandela ngakho okwethusa abaningi njengoba avakashela iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi u-Elizabeth wayikhumbuza ukuthi inawo amandla okumisa iPhalamende ngamasonto amahlanu okuzomgunyaza ukuthi ahambise isiphakamiso sokuhoxa ku-EU esingadingi ukugunyazwa yiPhalamende. Emuva komsindo iNdlovukazi yakhetha ukuwuziba lo mbono. UJohnson wabe esebona ukuthi akanswinye iPhalamende ngokuthi uma lehluleka ukuvumelana uzohambisa isiphakamiso sokuthi akuhlukwanwe ngaphandle kwesivumelwano ne-EU.
Lokhu kwaliphoqa iPhalamende ukuthi lihlakazwe kube khona ukhetho lwamalungu. Kulolu khetho lwangoZibandlela wanyakenye iqembu likaJohnson iConservative Party lathola amavoti anele ukuthi isiphakamiso sakhe sokuhoxa singaphumelela ePhalamende.
IPhalamende lashesha laseka isiphakamiso sokuhoxa sikaJohnson egunyaza ukungakalwa nokungabibikho kwentela empahleni okuzohwebelwana ngayo phakathi kwe-EU neBritain. I-EU yasheshe yasivuma lesi siphakamiso okwachaza ukuthu mhla zingama-31 kuMasingana usuku lokugcina ebudlelwaneni obaqala lulunye kuMasingana wezi-1973.
Ingcabha isele neBritain njengoba isihlukene ne-EU. Kusenemibuzo ngemibandlela yalesi sehlukaniso kwezomnotho ikakhulukazi ngoba i-EU ibithenga izimpahla ezingabalelwa kuma-43% eBritain.
Okunye umthelela wakho ongakacaci ukuthi ngoba lesi sivumelwano siqhakambisa ukungabibikho kwentela ngabe iBritain izozivikela kanjani izinkampani zayo ekugudluzweni izinkampani ezivela emazweni angamalungu e-EU. Leli phuzu lingelinye elaholela esiphakamisweni sokuhoxa ku-EU.
I-EU iphinde ibe nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ubani ozophoqa lezi zinhlaka zombili ukuthi zihloniphe isivumelwano. Ngaphakathi ku-EU kunenkantolo engumxazululi wemidonsiswano kumalungu ayo, kepha uma iBritain ingasekho ngaphansi kwale nhlangano ngubani ozoyikhuza uma isiyenza okungahambisani nesivumelwano. IBritain ibonakala inomqondo wokuthi iqhinga liyozakha okuyinto engayikhululi i-EU. Okunye okumele ikucacise iBritain okuthinta ulwandle nokudoba. Abadobi abangaphansi kwamazwe angaphansi kwe-EU abakalelwa ukuthi bengadoba kuphi inqobo nje uma kusewulwandle lwamazwe e-EU. Abadobi baseBritain bavele sebeqalile ukuzwakalisa ukungenami kwabo ngokukalelwa ukuthi badobe kuphi. Okugqamayo ukuthi bangama-92% abadobi abavotela ukuthi iBritain ihoxe ku-EU.