Ubuholi obusha: Izibophezelo zeNingizimu Afrika njengoSihlalo we-African Union
“Uma sizogxila kulezi zinhloso, uma sizosebenza ngenkuthalo nangokuzimisela, futhi uma sizobambisana namanye amazwe ase- Afrika, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ubuhlalo bethu be-African Union bungaba nobunono, busebenze futhi bube nomthelela omkhulu ezwenikazi.” Lawa ngamazwi akhulunywa uMengameli uCyril Ramaphosa emhlanganweni wamanxusa aseNingizimu Afrika zingama-20 kuMasingana, wezi-2020. Lo mhlangano wamanxusa ubanjwe ngaphambi kokuba uMengameli ahambele iNgqungquthela ye-African Union (AU) eNhlokodolobha yase- Ethiopia i-Addis Ababa. Ubuhlose ukuba amanxusa afakane imilomo, bese ethola umkhomba ndlela ngalokho okumele akwenze nokulindelwe uHulumeni komkhulu eTshwane mayelana neqhaza okumele alibambe ekufezeni izinjongo zeNingizimu Afrika njengoba izoba nguSihlalo we-AU kulo nyaka. Ethula le nkulumo, izinhloso azibeke phambili njengalezo iNingizimu Afrika ezimisele ukuzifeza zifaka: Ukuthuthukisa ukulingana ngokobulili, kanye nokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane namantombazane. Ukuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweNhlangano yamazwe ase-Afrika (AU) kanye neNhlangano Yamazwe Omhlaba (United Nations). Ukugqugquzela eyokwakha ukuthula nokuphepha kanye nokuqinisa imizamo yokuqeda zonke izimpi ezwenikazi (Silencing The Guns).
Ukusekela ukuhlanganiswa, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ezohwebo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezwenikazi. Lezi zinhloso, eziyinselelo uMengameli ayiphonse kumaNxusa ezwe, akuthandabuzeki ukuthi kungezibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukufezeka kwazo zonke koqhubezela imizamo ekhona yokwakha izwekazi elinokuthula, elinothile, nelikwazi ukumelana nezinsiza zezakhamuzi emazweni ehlukene. Okunye okungathandabuzeki ukuthi lezi zinhloso azizintsha ezinhlelweni ezimisiwe yileli lizwe ngezobudlelwano namanye amazwe ikakhulukazi awase-Afrika. Ngaleyo ndlela okukhulunywe nguMengameli kugcizelela lokho iNingizimu Afrika ebivele ikwenza nethi izimisele ukuqhubeka ikwenze ngoba ‘isiqubulo’ sikaHulumeni sithi ‘angeke iNingizimu Afrika ibe nokuthula nentuthuko uma lokhu kwentuleka kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika’. INingizimu Afrika ithatha iSihlalo se-AU ivele ibambe ezinye izikhundla ezwenikazi okuyinto ezoliphoqa leli lizwe ukuba lizihlele kahle uma lididiyela amasu okufeza lokho esizipobhezelele kuko. Isibonelo, kulena yokuqinisa ukusebenzisana kwe-AU ne-UN, iNingizimu Afrika yiyo eyaqokwa ngamazwe ase-Afrika ukuba umgquqguzeli nommeli wezwekazi ekuqiniseni ukusebenzisama phakathi kwalezi ziNhlangano ukuze kudaleke ukuthula e-Afrika.
Lokhu kuqguqguzela kubalulekile ngoba kuvamile ukuthi lezi ziNhlangano zingaboni ngaso linye ngokumele kwenzenke ezwenikazi ukuze kwakheke ukuthula emazweni athize. Okwenza iNingizimu Afrika kubonakale sengathi izokwazi ukuyifeza le nhloso ukuthi ithatha lesi sikhundla ku-AU ivele iyilungu lesikhashana le-United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Ngakho-ke kogexisa amazinyo ukungaphumeleli kweNinigizimu Afrika ukuqinisa lobu budlelwano phakathi kwe-AU ne-UN ngoba izithola isezikhundleni eziyandisela amathuba okuthi iyihlakule kubonakale eyayo ndima ngokwale njongo. INingizimu Afrika, ingena kulesi sikhundla kube kuyiyo futhi ezoba nguSihlalo we-African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), okuwuhlelo lwamalungu e-AU olwamiselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe ahlukene ezwenikazi ayamelana neyokuphatha nokusebenzisa kahle izintambo zombuso. Lezi zikhundla zombili zandisa amathuba okuthi injongo yeNingizimu Afrika yokuqinisa imizamo yokuvikela amalungelo abesifazane ikwazi ukuyibeka ezithebeni ze-APRM kanye ne-AU.
Leli lizwe libamba lesi sikhundla ngonyaka obalulekile ku-AU ngoba kumele abaholi babuyekeze lokho asebekuzamile ukuze kuqedwe zonke izimpi ezwenikazi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba i-AU yazibophezela ngokuthi unyaka wezi-2020 uyofika seziphele nya izimpi ezweni, okuyinto engakafezeki ngokugcwele. Emazweni enjengeLibya, iDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), neNigeria isalokhu itholene phezulu bese kuthi emazweni afana neCentral African Republic (CAR), kanye neSouth Sudan imikhonto isajame enxebeni emizamweni yokwakha ukubuyisana emihlanjini eyalanayo. Lezi ngezinye zezimo ezikhona ezwenikazi okulindekele ukuba iNingizimu Afrika ibambe elayo iqhaza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ziyalungiseka. Ingena kulesi sikhundla nje iNingizimu Afrika kuvele kuyiyo ephethe izingxoxo zokudala uxolo nokubuyisana eSouth Sudan, eziholwa yiPhini Mengameli uMnu uDavid Mabuza. Ukuthatha lesi Sihlalo kulindelekile ukuthi kwenze leli lizwe likwazi ukukhuphula izinga lokumelana neyaseSouth Sudan, kanye nezinye izimo ezikhona. Kukho konke okuhlelwe yiNingizimu Afrika nonyaka, akukho okubaluleke ukwedlula eyokuqinisa ubudlelwano kwezohwebo nomontho ezwenikazi.
Ukungena kweNingizimu Afrika kulesi sikhundla kwenzeke ngonyaka okubhekeke ukuba kuqalwe ngawo ukufeza izinjongo zeContinental Free Trade Area (CFTA), okuyisivumelwano sangaphambili sokwandisa amathuba okuhwebelana ngokungenazihibe emazweni ase-Afrika. Kulokhu iNingizimu Afrika komele ize namaqhingasu ikhombise nobuciko bobusoka ukuze inxenxe amazwe anjengeNigeria kanye namanye okwaziwayo ukuthi asayithandabuza lena yeCFTA. INingizimu Afrika iziklamele yase izibophezela ukufeza izinjongo eziningi ngalo nyaka, okuphoqa uHulumeni ukuthi uzicijisise ukuze konke efisa ukuthi kwenzeke kuhambe ngononino. Lo Hulumeni okhona kumele ukhunjuzwe ukuthi uzobe ubhekwe ngabovu ngoba phambilini ngowezi-2002 mhlazane iNingizimu Afrika ikuso lesi sikhundla, abaholi bezwe ngaleyo minyaka bayibeka eyabo induku ebandla, ngoba amagalelo abo asazwakala nanamuhla.
