Izinhlobo zomshado ngokomthetho wakuleli
SINGABOHLANGA sikhule ngezindlela ezingafani safundiswa izindlela zokuphila ezehlukene. Abanye bakhulele emizini enesithembu abanye kweyemishado yesilungu neyayibizwa ngeyephepha. Uma sikhumbula kahle ngisho kumathelevishini kwakunemidlalo efana noKwakhala Nyonini neminye eyayikhombisa impilo ngemishado ehlukene.
Namuhla ngokohlelo lombhalo wami wokuqala ngizokwehlukanisa izinhlobo esinazo zomshado ngokomthetho waseNingizimu Afrika. Sizophinde sichaze kafushane ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lukhuluma ngani kanye nokuthi lusebenza kanjani. Olokuqala yilolu olubizwa phecelezi ngokuthi, In Community of Property nokuwukuthi umshado ohlanganise amafa abashadi. Lolu hlobo lomshado liwulona hlobo olwejwayelekile nokungeneka kulona izikhathi eziningi.
Uma sithi lolu hlobo lomshado luhlanganise amafa sisuke sichaza ukuthi “okwami okwakho, nokwakho ngokwami”, ngamanye amazwi okuyimpumelelo nokuyizikweletu nokuyimizi nokudliwayo sisuke sisobabili ngokulinganayo kulolu hlobo lomshado. Lolu hlobo lomshado lwenzeka ngokuthi ababili bashadiswe yinoma uMfundisi onegunya lokushadisa kanye negunya lokuwushicilela esikhungweni sakwaNdabazabantu ngokunigcwalisisa amapheshana bese kuba yiwona lo mshado. Lolu hlobo lomshado lithi uma kukhona phakathi kwenu odala izikweletu, kuyaye kufunwe inkokhelo yazo kini nobabili njengesibonelo.
Esinye isibonelo ngalo mshado ngukuthi uma kwenzeka ngiyokwehlukanisa lo mshado nikwehlukanisa konke phakathi nendawo ngokulinganayo (50/50) noma ngabe kukhona owangena emshadweni enomuzi omunye engenawo, ngokungena nje kwenu kulesi sivumelwano sekungokwenu konke okuhle nokubi ngokulinganayo. Uhlobo lwesibili lomshado yilowo obizwa ngokuthi, i-Out of Community of Property with the Accrual System, okungumshado wehlukanise amafa esifike nawo emshadweni kodwa uhlanganise lokhu esikwakhayo ndawonye kusukela ngelanga lokushicilelwa komshado.
Lolu hlobo lomshado lusiza ekutheni izimpahla, imali, imizi noma izipho ofike nazo emshadweni, zihlale zingezakho noma kufika isikhathi sokwehlukaniswa komshado noma iziphepho zezikweletu kungathinteki okwakho kuvikeleke. Kepha lokho enizobe senikukhulisa emshadweni kube yikhona okuthintekayo. Ngiyaye ngithi lo mshado nohlobo engizoluchaza olulandelayo luyasiza ekutheni ikhaya nesimo salo somnotho kuhlezi kuvikelekile uma kwenzeka kushayeka oyedwa wabashadile.
Mangidalule ukuthi ababaningi abakithi aboHlanga abaziyo ngalolu hlobo lo mshado kanye nalowo ozolandela kulezi zincazelo, ngenxa yokuthi nabashadisa abantu kwabona bengawazi nesidingo sawo nezizathu eziwenza ube ngophephile. Uhlobo lwesithathu lomshado yilolo olubizwa nge-Out of Community of Property without the Accrual System”. Lona ngumshado okwehlukanise konke, kusuka ekungeneni nokwakho emshadweni kuye kuloko enizakhela kona nisemshadweni. Lapha nomunye nomunye uyazikhulisela amafa akhe ngoba ngisho esikhathini sesehlukaniso somshado omunye uthatha okwakhe nomunye ngokunjalo.
Nawo lo mshado ngiyaye ngiyalele abashadile okuhle ngawo ngigxile lapha kweyokulimala kwamafa womabili ngenxa yezikweletu ezingasonga ukusoconga wonke amafa abawasebenzele kanzima. Ngiyaye ngithi uma kungaba noyedwa ongakwazi ukulimisa ikhaya uma oyedwa eshayekile kungasinda imizi eminingi. Ngicela ukukubeka kucace bha ukuthi sengiyichazile le mishado yomithathu, kumele abantu bakithi bakwazi bakuqonde ukuthi umshado nokushicilelwa nokubhaliswa kwawo sisuke sizibophezela ezivumelwaneni ezisemthethweni.
Lezi zivumelwano zinezingqinamba zakhona nazo njengezinye. Izivumelwano zomshado nazo njengezinye kumele zicatshangisiswe kahle nakabanzi njengabashadile kanduba sithathe izinqumo ezinqala ngezinhliziyo. Owesine umshado yilowo obizwa ngeCustomary Marriage okungumshado wesintu, nokungumshado obuvamisile kwasemandulo kithi boHlanga nokuyiwona okwathatha iminyaka ukuze ubuyekezwe uthathwe njengosemthethweni nokunikezwa amalungelo kulaba abashade ngawo. Impumelelo yethu ekutheni lolu hlobo lomshado lubonwe njengolusemthethweni, lusadinga kufundiswe kakhulu kubantu bakithi ngoba nasekubeni sesavunyelwa, singeke kodwa sawuthatha uma sesithathe owodwa kule engaphezulu.
Ngikuchaza lokhu ngokulula okuvamise ukuthi lo mshado ube ngusizo kukho, okungukushada ngesithembu. Miningi imizi esisele isenkingeni ngenxa yokungaqondi ukuthi usebenza kanjani lo mshado. Okokuqala, uma uthathe owokuqala unkosikazi ngalolu hlobo lomshado ungevinjelwe emthethweni ukuba uthathe omunye nabanye, kodwa bonke kumele ushicilele enkantolo ubaveze njengamakhosikazi akho ukuze beyovuna ngokulinganayo. Okwesibili nokubalulekile ngukuthi uma umnumzane oshade ngeyodwa yezindlela ezintathu esezichazwe ngaphezulu esefisa ukuthatha omunye unkosikazi, komele behlukanise kuqala kowesilungu (indlela owawubizwa ngayo kwakudala) bashade kabusha ngokwesintu, kuyima ethatha eyesibili noma eyesithathu inkosikazi.
– U-Advocate Hlengiwe Mkhasibe, ungumsunguli nomqondisi weBM Legal Consultants. Umsebnzi omkhulu ukufundisa ngezomthetho ukuze abantu bathole kalula usizo lwezomthetho; lokhu kuwukuhlomisa nokwakha isizwe. Usebenze kakhulu neziteshi ezisakazela umphakathi. Ugxile kakhulu emthethweni wezemindeni (Family Law), owezakhamuzi (Civil Law) nowezohwebo (Commercial Law). Njengamanje usebenza nommeli wezokubangwa komhlaba (Land Disputes).
