I-Iran emizamweni yokugxamalaza ekuvuselelweni kwesivumelwano
Zimbili izinto ezimqoka ezenzeka kuleli lizwe. Okokuqala ukhetho lobuholi obusha kuzwelonke okuzoqalwa ukuvotwa zili-18 kule nyanga okumenje lusesesigabeni sezinkulumompikiswano phakathi kwabagunyazelwe ukungenela lolu khetho.
Abagunyazelwe ukungenela lolu khetho ngu-Amir-Hossein Ghazizadeh okusukela ngowezi-2008 uyilungu le-Islamic Consultative Assembly, u-Abdolnaser Hemmati owayengumphathi weCentral Bank phakathi kowezi-2018 nowezi-2021, uSaeed Jalili owayenguNobhala weSupreme National Security Council phakathi kowezi-2007 nowezi-2013, uMohsen Mehralizadeh phakathi kowezi-2017 nowezi-2018 wayengumholi weqembu i-Isfahan, u-Ebrahim Raeisi okusukela ngowezi-2019 uyinhloko yabehluleli kuleli lizwe, uMohsen Rezaee owayengumkhuzi oyinhloko we-Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps phakathi kowe-1981 nowe-1997, u-Alireza Zakani okusukela nyakenye ungumongameli weMajlis Research Center.
Inkulumompikiswano phakathi kwalaba abagunyazelwe ukungenela ukhetho iqalile ngoMgqibelo kanti iyoze inqamuke uma sekusondele ukhetho. Inhloso yale nkulumompikiswano ukuthi abantu bahlunge kulaba abayisikhombisa ukuthi ngubani okumele abe sephepheni lokuvota.
Babili kuphele abazoba sephepheni okusho ukuthi laba abanye abahlanu angeke bafinyelele. Okunye okwenzekayo kuleli lizwe ukuthi lisezingxoxweni ne-United States of America (USA) namanye amazwe omhlaba zokuvuselelwa kweJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
Lezi zingxoxo zenzeka edolobheni lase-Austria iVienna kanti yize ziqhubeka kancane kodwa zibuyisa inhlansi yethemba yokuvuselelwa kwalesi sivumelwano. Lesi sivumelwano sasayindwa ngowezi-2015 sisayindwa ngowayenguMengameli we-USA uBarrack Obama noMengameli we-Iran uHassan Rouhani.
Inhloso yalesi sivumelwano kwakungukunqanda ukukhula kohlelo lwenuzi e-Iran, nayo i-Iran yayifuna i-USA ihoxise zonke izinhlelo zonswinyomnotho ezibhekise kuyo njengoba leli lizwe lingekho esimweni esihle sezimali ngenxa yokwehla kwenani likawoyela oyinsika yomnotho kuleli lizwe.
Okuvela kamuva ukuthi i-Iran yehlulekile ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nokutholakala kwezinhlayiya zeyuraniyamu ezindaweni ezazingaziwa ezweni. Lezi zinsolo ziqhamuke noRafael Grossi oyinhloko ye-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), okunguhlaka lwe-United Nations (UN).
UGrossi ubelokhu ecindezela i-Iran ukuthola izimpendulo ngezindawo ezintathu kusukela eminyakeni eminingi edlule lapho ukuhlolwa bekuveze imikhondo yeyuraniyamu yemvelaphi eyenziwe ngabantu, okusolakalayo ukuthi bake baxhunyaniswa nohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran.
Amazwe ase-Europe ne-USA bawuchithile lo mbiko kaGross bathi angeke wasetshenziswa njengesizathu sokumisa okunye ukuhoxa kwizingxoxo zokuvuselela isivumelwano.
I-Iran ikulenkinga nje ingoba ngowezi-2018 owayenguMengameli we-USA uDonald Trump walihoxisa izwe lakhe kulesi sivumelwano ekhala ngokuthi sivuna kakhulu i-Iran ukunezwe lakhe kanye nabahlobo balo ikakhulukazi i-Israel.
Omholi omkhulu e-Iran u-Ali Khamenei useveze ukuzeseka lezizingxoxo eziseVienna. Lokhu kwesekwa kwezingxoxo nguKhamenei kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-Iran ifuna ukunqaka kanye kanye ukhetho nezingxoxo njengoba abaningi abagunyazelwe kungabangahambisani nalezi zingxoxo.
Enkulumompikiswaneni yangoLwesibili laba abagaqele esobumengameli bajikijelane ngamazwi alumelayo baze basongelana ngesikhathi kukhulunywa ngokuvuselelwa kweJCPOA. Kule nkulumo mpikiswano umuntu ngamunye ubehlonywa ngombuzo bese enikezwa imizuzu emine yokuphendula ngemuva kwalokho umbhobho wakhe ucishwe ngokuzenzakalela. Okugqamile kule nkulumompikiswano ukuthi okulindeleke ukuthi badlulele phambili kabahambisani nokuvuselelwa kweJCPOA.
Kunomuzwa okanye umbono othi i-USA izophinde iyijikele i-Iran njengoba yenza nangowezi-2018, lokhu kubeka ngokusobala ukuthi kukhulu ukungathembani phakathi kwe-USA ne-Iran. Okulindeleke ukuthi adle umhlanganiso okhethweni nguRaisi. Lo mholi ungomunye wabagqama begxeka okwakubonakala njengokudonswa ngekhala kwe-Iran idonswa i-USA ngokuthi ikuphi okumele kwenzeke kuleli lizwe.
I-USA yayifuna kubuyekezwe imigomo yesivumelwano kanti i-Iran yona yayithi kumele kubuyelwe esivumelwaneni njengoba sasinjalo ngowezi-2015 hhayi ukuqala phansi kuxoxiswane.
Kunokusola ukuthi i-Iran ne-USA badlalana umqondo njengoba i-USA ikhomba ukuhudula izinyawo ezingxoxweni ngoba ifuna ukubona ukuthi ngubani onqoba ukhetho kanti i-Iran yona ifuna lezizingxoxo ziphothulwe ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona ukhetho.
Kusolakala ukuthi lesi yisona sizathu esibangele ukuthi uKhomenei abusise lezizingxoxo. URaisi akakaze akufihla ukuthi akahambisani neJCPOA ikakhulukazi emuva kokuhoxa kwe-USA kowezi-2018.
Njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kube nguye unqoba ukhetho ikakhulukazi ngoba evunwa nawuKhamenei, kulindeleke ukuthi uma i-Iran yehluleka ukuphothula izingxoxo ne-USA lungakashayi olokhetho ihoxe kulezizingxoxo.
Okwanje lelilizwe lisazama ukugxamalaza lizama ukuthi nakuba uRaisi enqoba ukhetho kodwa kube sekuphothuliwe okwezingxoxo. Nakuba uRaisi angeke afisa ukubusa izwe elingaphansi konswinyo mnotho kodwa kuphinde kugqame ukuthi angeke avumela izimfuno ze-USA ngenhloso yokuhoxiswa konswinyo mnotho.
Ngaphezu kokugaqela esobumongameli uRaisi kulindeleke ukuthi kube nguye othatha izintambo kuKhamenei oseneminyaka engama-82 njengoba esanda kukhethwa njengephini likamongameli we-Assembly of Experts, okuyiqembu elibhekele ukuphakamisa umholi omusha ophakeme uma kwenzeka kufa uKhamenei.
Abake bangena kulesisikhundla abakaze bazwane ne-USA kanti kulindeleke ukuthi uRaisi asebenzise esobumengameli ukwendlalela esokuba ngumholi ophakeme nokucacisela i-USA ukuthi ayikozukukwazi ukufezekisa izinhloso zayo e-Iran.