Izakhamuzi zibona kunesidingo soguquko
IZINGUQUKO zakamuva emazweni amaningi e-Afrika lapho kubonakala khona abaholi asebephathe iminyaka bephuma ngezindlela ezehlukene ezikhundleni, sekwenze abantu ezwenikazi bakubeka phambili ukuthi kunesidingongqangi soguquko. Lo mqondo awubusi kuphela izakhamuzi zezwekazi, kepha nabezepolitiki abasezikhundleni eziphezulu zokuphatha. Naphezu kwamaqhinga asobala enziwa abanye abaholi ukuze baqhubeke nokuba semandleni, kodwa abantu bame ekutheni angeke kugcine bona ngoba phambilini kwenzekile kubaholi abanjengoHasting Banda waseMalawi uMobuto Sese Seko waseZaire esiyaziwa ngeDemocratic Republic of Congo.
Ziningi izindlela abaholi abangondlovukayiphikiswa abaphuma ngazo ezikhundleni okungaba ukhetho, ukuketulwa kombuso okanye ukuphela kwesikhathi sabo sokuphatha. Okubusa kakhulu abakhele amazwe analolu hlobo lwabaholi ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka nini. Kubonakala ingcindezi yabantu baseDRC nezinhlangano ezinjenge-African Union (AU) ne- United Nations (UN), isebenzile njengoba uMengameli wakhona uMnu uJoseph Kabila egcine egobe uphondo wavuma ukuthi lubanjwe ukhetho lukaMengameli. Ukuzibophezela kukaKabila ekubambeni ukhetho kugweme isibhicongo izwe ebelingazithola sikulo ngoba sekucacele nengane encane ukuthi abantu abasamuzwa kahle. Ungene kulesi sikhundla eyintandokazi emuva kokubulawa kukayise uLaurent Kabila, okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi washintsha izinto okumenze waphenduka iqaqa.
Kumele anconywe uMengameli waseZimbabwe u-Emmerson Mnangagwa ngokungapholisi maseko azibophezele ekubanjweni kokhetho ngesikhathi abantu besemagange bebheke izinguquko ezweni. Kulula ukuthi abantu bakhumbule ‘eGibhithe’ uma bengaziboni izithelo zokungena kwabaholi abasha. Umbiko wocwaningo olwenziwe ngowezi-2017 uveza ukuthi kube ngunyaka obe nezithelo ezinhle kuguquko ezwenikazi. Isibonelo nje kube ukungena kukaMengameli u-Adama Barrow eGambia emuva kwesikhathi eside egoloza ukuphuma esikhundleni uYahya Abdul Aziz-Jammeh emuva kokukhala ngaphansi okhethweni lukaMengameli. UMengameli omusha wase- Angola ungene esikhundleni kwezwakala njengoba eqale ngokushanela ezisebenzini zikaHulumeni. Isenzo sakhe engena ngakho kodwa kuHulumeni sibuyise ithemba kubantu base-Angola elilahleke kuphethe uMengameli Jose Eduardo do Santos obedume ngokuqasha kakhulu izinhlobo nabangani ezikhundleni eziphezulu.
Ngokwejwayelekile ukungena komholi omusha esikhundleni kuvamise ukuthi kulethe inhlansi yethemba ngekusasa eliqhakazile. Emuva kweminyaka engama-22 esesikhundleni uYahya Jemmen uthole ingcindezi enkulu ezweni elingumakhelwane iSenegal nenhlangano i-Economic Community of West African States. Njengamanje usekudingisweni e-Equatorial Guinea. Izimo ziyashiyana ngoba okwenzeke emazweni anjengeRwanda, iKenya neLiberia kwehlukile. Emuva kokuchitshiyelwa koMthethosisekelo eRwanda ngoZibandlela wezi-2015 ovuna uMengameli uPaul Kagame ukuba aphathe ihlandla lesithathu, uphinde waqokwa okhethweni lwangonyaka odlule enqoba ngamalengiso. Abantu baseRwanda kubonakala besazifela ngaye ngoba wakwazi ukuthatha izwe elase libhuqwabhuqwe izimpi wabuyisa uzinzo kwasimama nomnotho. Njengoba kungekho soka lingenasici kukhona ababona okwehlukile ngoKagame njengokugxekwa ngokuvala umlomo amaqembu aphikisayo nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezilwela amalungelo abantu nenhlalakahle. Emehlweni abaningi kubonakala kunozinzo eKenya, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi akukho ukubona ngaso linye. Isigameko sokubulawa kukaChris Msando owayeyinhloko yezokwazisa nokuxhumana yenhlangano yokhetho, kwashiya imibuzo njengoba kwenzeka kusele isonto kubanjwe ukhetho lukamengameli olwabuye lwaqalwa phansi ngoLwezi.
INkantolo Yezokudluliselwa Kwamacala yathola ingcindezi eqenjini eliphikisayo eliholwa uMnu uRaila Odinga naphezu kokuba i-African Union yayinqume ukuthi ukhetho lube ngolukhululekile. Okwamangaza ukuthi u-Odinga akabange esalungenela ukhetho lwehlandla lwesibili. Isimo asikabuyeli esimweni eKenya namanje kusukela u-Odinga azibeka ‘njengomengameli wabantu’. Imizamo kaMengameli u-Uhuru Kenyatta yokudala uzizo kunzima ukuthi ingaphumelela uma ingasekwa amaqembu amaphikisayo ngoba abaholi bawo bagqugquzela abantu ukuthi bangalawuleki. Kubonakala iLiberia iyithemba lamazwe aseMpumalanga emuva kokhetho lwangoZibandlela okwanqoba kulo owayeyisihlabani sebhola emhlabeni uGeorge Weah ethatha izintambo kuNkk u-Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owaba nguMengameli wokuqala wesifazane e-Afrika.
Okumele kuthathwe njengesifundo onyakeni wezi-2018 ukuthi uzinzo emazweni amaningi e-Afrika angeke lwaba khona uma uHulumeni engenzi isiqiniseko sokuthi kubanjwa ukhetho olukhululekile. Okunye okumele kuqashelwe ukushintshwa koMthethosisekelo okungenasidingo. Kulo nyaka izinhlangano ezinjenge-African Union yizo okumele ziyifake imfundiso yokuthi amazwe abuswe ngentando yabantu. Ukuqwaha nezikhundla kumele kungabekezelelwa futhi labo asebekhishwe ngevoti kumele badluliseme amandla okuphatha kwabanye ngaphandle kwezihibe. Amanye amazwe aseNingizimu ye-Afrika njengeNingizimu Afika, iZambia, iMozambique, iNamibia ayohlala njalo eyisibonelo ngomthethosisekelo wawo onika omengameli amahlandla amabili okuphatha bese bededela abanye.
EZIMBABWE: Kubonanakala lubuya kancane uzinzo emuva kokuba inyunyana yabalimi iCommercial Farmers’ Union of Zimbabwe (CFU) izibophezele ekusebenzisaneni noHulumeni kaMengameli u-Emmerson Mnangagwa ekufukuleni umnotho wezwe nezolimo ezweni. Ngokusho kwephephandaba iHerald laba balimi iningi labo okungabaMhlophe bathi babuyelwe ithemba ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMnangagwa. UMqondisi weCFU uBen Gilpin uvumile ukuthi ngesikhathi kusungulwa inyunyana babebhekelela kakhulu izidingongqangi zabalimi abaMhlophe kodwa lokho sekuguqukile njengamanje ngaphansi kweZimbabwe esibuswa ngentando yabantu.
ENAMIBIA: UHulumeni uthi awukugqizi qakala okushiwo abantu abaphikisana naye ngesimo esingesihle sezempilo. UNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uBernhard Haufiku ukusho lokhu ngesikhathi ekhuluma emcimbini iNational Management Development Forum. Uthe labo abasho izinto eziphambene noHulumeni abamaqembu aphikisayo abangafuni ukubona iqembu elibusayo iSwapo liya phambili. Uthe kuningi asebekuzuzile njengoHulumeni njengokuthi sebephumelele ukuphothula uhlelo lokwaba izikhundla zabezempilo ngokulandela umyalelo weWorld Health Organisation (WHO). Uthe benze kahle nasekuqeqesheni abantu ophikweni lakwandaba zabantu njengoba kwakuyalele uMengameli wezwe.
ECAR: Seziqinisiwe ezokuphepha eCentral African Republic (CAR) kulandela isigameko sokubulawa kwesisebenzi se-United Nations Children Agency nothisha abahlanu balesi sikhungo. Ngokusho kombiko we-United Nations laba balalelwe unyendle ngesikhathi besendleleni eduze kwaseMarkounda, endaweni eyihlane esemngceleni weChad. Umarie-Pierre Poirier omele i-Unicef eWest neCentral Africa usigxekile lesi senzo sokuhlaselwa kwabantu abangenakuziphindiselela wathi wathi asinamqondo. Kusuka ngowezi-2013 isimo silokhu sisibi eCAR njengoba amavujelambuso eSeleka angamaMuslim adla iBangui enabantu abaningi abangamaKhrestu. Kwabulawa amasosha amabili aseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi elalelwa unyendle. Ngonyaka odlule kubulawe abantu abangama-30 behlaselwa amavukelambuso. Lokhu sekwenze ukuthi lelizwe lincishwe usizo oluphuma kwamanye amazwe.
EMOZAMBIQUE: UMengameli uFilipe Nyusi usenxese abamabhizinisi eSwirtzerland ukuba benze inzuzo ngobuhlobo izwe lakhe elinabo naleliya lizwe ukuze bathuthuke ngokulinganayo. Uthi ubuhlobo bezepolitiki nokuxhumana noma ngabe bungabuhle kanjani, kodwa uma kungekho ukubambisana kwezomnotho nakwezamabhizinisi ukuphucula impilo yabantu kuyofana nokuthi basinisa amahleza. Ukusho lokhu ekhuluma eGeneva ngesikhathi kuvulwa umhlangano iMozambique- Switzerland Business Forum. Uthe bazoqhubeka nokwethula amathuba azothuthukisa izwe emikhakheni ehlukene.
